Download - Biogeochemical Cycles of Matter
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Biogeochemical Cycles of MatterLeyda
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Biogeochemical Cycles• Over 95% of the body is made of these
elements:S P O N C H : Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen• An ecosystem needs two things:
• A flow of Energy (goes one way through trophic levels and is lost along the way)
• Cycle of materials
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Water Cycle• Water = H2O• Cycles Hydrogen and Oxygen through the
biosphere• Water makes up to 70% of the mass of our
bodies• Water is an important solvent for cell
processes
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Precipitation
Run-off
Seepage
Ground water/
Uptake
Evaporation Transpiration
Condensation
Water Cycle
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Water Cycle1. Precipitation: water falls to the Earth as rain, snow or ice
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Water Cycle2. Runoff: Water moves along the Earth’s surface into rivers, lakes, or streams
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Water Cycle3. Seepage: Water soaks through the soil and collects in pools underground.
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• Can be gradual or sudden
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Sinkhole – Guatemala May 2010• After hurricane – 60 meters deep• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoOHmdL2I9Y
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Water Cycle4. Evaporation: Water changes from a liquid to a gas (usually occurs at the surface of lakes and oceans)
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Water Cycle5. Transpiration: Water evaporates from the leaves of plants (the most evaporative)
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Water Cycle6. Condensation: Water changes from gas to liquid (occurs when warm, moist air rises and cools in the upper atmosphere)
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The Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle
CO2 in atmosphere
CO2 in ocean
1
23
6
4
5
11
109
87
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Carbon Cycle• Carbon is the main ingredient in all living things• Carbon makes up the 4 macromolecules of life:
• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins• Nucleic Acids
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Carbon Cycle
Into biosphere:Photosynthesis: Plants take in CO2 from the atmosphere and use it to make food.
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Carbon Cycle
Into biosphere:Feeding: Animals obtain carbon by eating plants.
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Carbon CycleInto Geosphere:Deposition:
When organisms decay, carbon is trapped in sediments underground that eventually form rocks or fossil fuels.
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Carbon CycleInto Geosphere:Decomposition: Energy-rich, carbon-based
compounds formed from the decaying bodies of buried organisms.
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Carbon CycleInto Atmosphere:Respiration: Animals breathe out CO2 when they burn food to get energy.
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Carbon CycleInto AtmosphereVolcanic Activity: CO2 released into the
atmosphere
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Carbon CycleInto Atmosphere:Human Activity: Burning fossil fuels in factories
and cars releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
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Carbon CycleInto Atmosphere:Fires: Burning of wood releases CO2
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Carbon Cycle – In the OceanInto Hydrosphere:Photosynthesis: Phytoplankton are Producers in
the Ocean Feeding: Phytoplankton (Producers) are eaten by
consumers.Respiration: CO2 is released into water when
organisms bodies burn food.Erosion: Rocks break down, releasing carbon into
the soil or ocean where it can be used by organisms.
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle• Nitrogen is important for making proteins
and DNA• Nitrogen makes up ¾ of our atmosphere
• N2 (Nitrogen gas) cannot be used by living things until it is changed into Nitrates, Nitrites, or Ammonia
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Nitrogen CycleTo Geosphere:Fertilizers: Humans add usable nitrogen
directly to soil.
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Nitrogen CycleTo Geosphere:Nitrogen Fixation: Bacteria in the roots of
plants change nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) so that plants can use it.
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Nitrogen CycleTo Geosphere:Atomspheric Nitrogen Fixation:
Lightening changes nitrogen gas into nitrate and nitrite.
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Nitrogen CycleTo Biosphere:Uptake: Producers take up usable nitrogen
from the soil and ocean in order to make proteins
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Nitrogen CycleTo Biosphere:Consumers: Obtain nitrogen by eating
producers
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Nitrogen CycleTo Geosphere:Excretion: Urine returns nitrogen to the soil.
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Nitrogen CycleTo Geosphere:Decomposition: When organisms decay,
nitrogen is returned to the soil.
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Nitrogen CycleTo atmosphere: Denitrification: Some bacteria change
usable nitrogen back into nitrogen gas (N2) which goes back into the atmosphere.
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Nitrogen CycleTo atmosphere:Burning Fossil Fuels (remember Nitrogen
is in proteins that makes up structure of plants and animals)
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Nitrogen CycleTo hydrosphere:Runoff & Leaching
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Nitrogen Cycle1. What are three ways nitrogen cycle allows
nitrogen to be taken out of the atmosphere and made usable for plants and animals?Nitrogen fixing bacteria, lightning, man
made fertilizer2. What are the three ways that ammonia (NH3) are formed?Nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposition,
excretion, deposition
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Phosphorus Cycle1. What is phosphorus used for in living things?
2. What form is phosphorus frequently found in?
3. What part of the biosphere is phosphorus not found in, that carbon, water and nitrogen are found in?
ATP (Energy), DNA (Phosphate Group)
Rocks, sediments, soil minerals
Atmosphere
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The Carbon Cycle
To Atmosphere: DOESN’T HAPPEN
Phosphorous Cycle
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The Carbon Cycle
To Geosphere: Runoff, dissolves in water, decomposers
Phosphorous Cycle
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The Carbon Cycle
To Biosphere: Eating, absorb through roots
Phosphorous Cycle
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The Carbon Cycle
To Hydrosphere: Runoff, leaching
Phosphorous Cycle
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Limiting Nutrient• The substance that limits productivity
of an ecosystem• Farmers prevent this by adding
fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium)
• Problem= Algal bloom