Download - Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont
![Page 1: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biology 201Dr. Edwin DeMont
St. Francis Xavier University
Respiration
![Page 2: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Gas Exchange
Animals must supply the oxygen required for aerobic respiration and a remove the carbon dioxide. The process of
gas exchange is called respiration.
Five main types of respiratory systems exist in animals:
1. Diffusion across plasma membranes (I)
2. Tracheae (I)
3. Cutaneous (body surface) exchange (I)
4. Gills (I,V) (I: Invertebrates)
5. Lungs (I,V) (V: Vertebrates)
![Page 3: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Diffusion (I)
Protozoa
Cnidarian
Flatworm
Diffusion across plasma membranes
Cutaneous (body surface) exchange
![Page 4: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Tracheal System (I)
Tracheae are an internal system of branching tubes that brings air directly to
each cell in the body.
Video
![Page 5: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Book Lung (I)
Tarantula
Book lungs are sheets of internal lamellae that are exposed to air on the outside and filled with blood on the inside.
![Page 6: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Gills (I)
BivalveGills are very efficient
in aquatic ecosystems—gills evolved from large or small skin projections with blood inside of the
projections.
![Page 7: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Gills (V)
Gills may be internal or external, but gas
exchange (oxygen in and carbon dioxide out) is very efficient due to countercurrent flow.
![Page 8: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Lungs: Birds
Lungs of birds are a flow-through system
wherein air is conducted through
the lungs in a single direction, and avian
lungs are particularly efficient (90% of oxygen in air is
removed).
![Page 9: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Lungs: Humans
The alveoli (structures with a large surface
area) are the site of gas exchange in the lungs of mammals and birds.
Video
![Page 10: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Gas Exchanges
Gases enter or leave the
circulatory system by diffusing down
concentration gradients.
Video
![Page 11: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
Ventilation
Mammals utilize a negative pressure
system to bring air into lungs—they inhale by
suction
![Page 12: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
LRC: Dogs
Motion of thoracic complex and ‘visceral piston’ shown by high
speed x-ray cinematographic images of a dog galloping on a
treadmill.
Locomotor respiratory coupling in mammals.
Bramble (1989). American Zoologist. 29 (1)
![Page 13: Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051118/56816834550346895ddde8d3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
St. Francis Xavier University
LRC: Humans
Humans utilize LRC while running.
2:1 (Footfall:Breath)