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Biology Final Exam ReviewSI Leader Taylor (Yeargain, MWF 1:30-2:20)
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General Information
Review Session
▪ Please fill in any available space, and move to the front of the room!
▪ Thank you for coming ☺
Exam Information
▪ 15% of overall grade in the class
▪ Monday, May 1st from 1:00pm-3:50pm in CB2 201
▪ Lowest lecture exam dropped, but final does NOT count
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General Plan
▪ Topics (5 minutes)
▪ Activity 1 (20 minutes)
▪ Practice Exam (20 minutes)
▪ Activity 2 (10 minutes)
▪ Practice Exam (35 minutes)
▪ Questions & Closing (10 min)
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Topics
▪ Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life▪ Structure of an Atom▪ Atomic Number, Mass Number ▪ Valence Shell/ Electrons▪ Chemical Bonds
▪Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
▪ HONC▪ Hydrocarbons▪ Isomers (definition and types)▪ Functional Groups▪ ATP
▪ Chapter 3: Water and Life▪ Polarity ▪ Cohesion and Adhesion▪ Specific heat▪ Evaporative Cooling▪ Heat of Vaporization▪ Specific Properties of Water▪ Solvent, Solution, Solute ▪ Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic▪ Acids and Bases/ pH and pOH
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Topics
▪ Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
▪ See pg. 90 of textbook for chart▪ Types of Macromolecules▪ Structure of Macromolecules▪ Examples and Functions of Macromolecules
▪Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell▪ Plasma Membrane▪ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells▪ All organelles and function▪ Plant and Animal cell differences
▪ Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function▪ Fluid Mosaic Model▪ Integral and Peripheral Proteins ▪ Selective Permeability ▪ Active and Passive Transport▪ Osmosis ▪ Tonicity Problems ▪ Sodium Potassium Pump▪ Endocytosis versus Exocytosis ▪ Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis and Receptor Mediated
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Topics
▪ Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation ▪ Fermentation▪ Aerobic Respiration▪ Oxidation and Reduction▪ Electron Carriers ▪ Location, Steps, Input, Output, and Function of
each stage of cellular respiration ▪ Plants and animals
▪Chapter 10: Photosynthesis▪ Autotrophs ▪ Plants only▪ Chlorophyll a ▪ Range of visible light ▪ Location, Steps, Input, Output, and Function of each stage of photosynthesis
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Topics
Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle & Mitosis (Pg. 232)• Chromosome Vocabulary• Chromatin• Somatic Cells• Sister Chromatids• Centromeres• Mitosis/ Cytokinesis • All of the parts of interphase and mitosis, what happens at each phase, and how the chromosome and sister
chromatid numbers change throughout • Checkpoints• Cancerous Cells Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycle (Pg. 252)• More Vocab (Haploid, Diploid, Homologous, Loci, Zygote, etc)• All of the parts of interphase and meiosis 1 &2, what happens at each phase, and how the chromosome and sister
chromatid numbers change throughout • Crossing Over and Independent Assortment• Sources of Genetic Variation
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Topics
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea (Pg.267)• Law of Segregation• Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses • Mendel’s experiments • Heterozygote, Homozygote, Dominant, & Recessive • True Breeders• Complete Dominance, Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, Multiple Alleles, Pleiotropy• Epistasis and Polygenic Inheritance • Identifying pedigrees and how to solve pedigree problems • Carriers, Test Cross, and Wild Type• Tips for Genetics problems on pg 290 Chapter 15: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance (Pg.292)• All of the genetic disorders from your lecture slides (autosomal and sex linked)• Sex Linked Genes• Barr Body • Nondisjunction, Aneuploidy, Monosomy, Polyploidy• Deletions, Duplications, Inversions, Translocations
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Topics
Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance (Page 312)• DNA properties and structure• Base Pairing • Type of Bond between DNA strands (Hydrogen) • Semiconservative nature of DNA replication• Initiation of DNA synthesis • DNA synthesis on leading and lagging strand • Telomeres• Heterochromatin and Euchromatin Chapter 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Page 333)• From DNA to proteins• Transcription and Translation• Transcription Initiation Complex • Processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA• rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA• Initiation, Elongation, and Termination of both Transcription and Translation • Reading Frame
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Activity #1Brainstorm Race
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
▪Get into groups
▪If you are watching this from your computer, I still encourage you to participate!
▪Make sure you have a piece of paper & a pen
▪1 minute for each slide
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
Structure of the Atom
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
Types of Macromolecules
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
Types of Organelles
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
Plant Cell vs.
Animal Cell
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
Cellular Respiration
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
Mendel & Genetics
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
DNA Synthesis
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Activity #1: Brainstorm Race
Central Dogma
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Review GuideFirst 20 Questions
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Activity #2Chromosomes, Meiosis & Mitosis
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Discussion
What is the difference between the following terms?- Haploid- Diploid- Unduplicated Chromosome- Duplicated Chromosome- Sister Chromatids- Non Sister Chromatids - Homologous Chromosomes- Tetrad
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Practice
Diploid or haploid?
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Practice
Chromosome A contains genes for an eye color of brown. Chromosome B contains genes for hair color of brown. Chromosome C contains genes for an eye color of green. Which of the following is true?
a. Chromosomes A and B are homologousb. Chromosomes B and C are homologousc. Chromosomes A and C are homologousd. None of the chromosomes are homologous to one another
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Practice
Crossing Over occurs between which of the following?a. Sister Chromatids b. Homologous Chromosomes c. Non Sister Chromatids d. More than one of these answers is correct
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Practice (Mitosis)
A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes (2n=16), how many chromosomes and chromatids are present at….a. G1 phase?b. S phase?c. G2 phase?d. Prophase?e. Metaphase?f. Anaphase?g. Telophase?h. After cytokinesis?
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Practice (Mitosis)
A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes (2n=16), how many chromosomes and chromatids are present at….G1 phase?
16 chromosomesS phase?
16 chromosomes, 32 chromatidsG2 phase?
16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Prophase?
16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Metaphase?
16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Anaphase?
32 chromosomesTelophase?
16 chromosomes in each daughter nucleusAfter cytokinesis?
16 chromosomes in each daughter cell
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Practice (Meiosis)
A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes. How many chromosomes and sister chromatids are present at each of the following phases of meiosis?
a) Interphase:i. G1:
a. 16 chromosomesb. 0 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads
ii. S:a. 16 chromosomesb. 32 Sister Chromatidsc. 8 “Pairs”
iii. G2:a. 16 chromosomes
32 Sister Chromatidsb. 8 “Pairs”
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Practice (Meiosis)
a) Meiosis 1:i. Prophase 1:
a. 16 chromosomesb. 32 Sister Chromatidsc. 8 Tetrads
ii. Metaphase 1:a. 16 chromosomesb. 32 Sister Chromatidsc. 8 Tetrads
iii. Anaphase 1:a. 16 chromosomesb. 32 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads
iv. Telophase/ Cytokinesis 1:a. 8 chromosomesb. 16 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads
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Practice (Meiosis)
a) Meiosis 2 i. Prophase 2:
a. 8 chromosomesb. 16 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads
ii. Metaphase 2:a. 8 chromosomesb. 16 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads
iii. Anaphase 2:a. 16 chromosomesb. 0 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads
iv. Telophase/ Cytokinesis 2:a. 8 chromosomesb. 0 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads
b) At what phase of Meiosis do the cells become haploid?i. Telophase / Cytokinesis 1
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Review GuideRemaining Questions