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BIOMASS&
BIOFUELS
A Renewable Energy Opportunity
Dorothy AbbottExtension Agent, Renewable Resources
University of Delaware Cooperative Extension
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BIOMASSAny organic matter which
is available on a renewable basis including
forest residues, agricultural crops and
wastes, wood and wood wastes, animal wastes,
livestock operation residue, aquatic plants and municipal wastes
(USDOE)
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Agricultural Biomass
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Animal ‘Waste’ Biomass
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Forest Residue Biomass
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Municipal ‘Waste’ Biomass
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“Yard Waste”vs.
“WOOD RESIDUE”
same definition … different meaning
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Wood Residue
Wood residues are renewable resources that can be use for energy reducing the dependency on non-renewable resources (i.e., coal, petroleum)
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Unlike NON-RENEWABLE natural resources…
RENEWABLES, once used, can be replaced in a
relatively short period of time or even used
continuously without depleting the resource.
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HIGHHIGH Heat Values of Native Delaware Trees
Osage-OrangeHickoriesDogwoodPersimmonWhite oakRed oakWhite ashAmerican beech
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MODERATEMODERATE Heat Values of Native Delaware Trees
American hollyGreen ashBlack walnutSweetgumBlack cherrySassafrasEastern redcedarBaldcypress
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LOWLOW Heat Values of Native Delaware Trees
Yellow-poplarBlack willowEastern white pineEastern cottonwoodRed alderLarge-tooth aspenWeeping willow
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Biomass/Biofuel Plantations
Short-rotation woody crop
Herbaceous energy crop
Hybrid willow Switchgrass
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Other Biomass Plantation Benefits
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Managing a Biomass/Biofuel
Plantation
Maintenance and Harvesting
is important!
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BIOENERGY • The conversion of the complex
carbohydrates in organic matter into energy, either by using it directly as a fuel or by processing it into liquids and gasses that are more efficient.
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’Bioenergy’ is really the result of taking organic
matter/renewable natural resources and changing this substance into a fuel
source or a BIOFUEL.
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BIOFUEL
• Transportation• Heating• Cooling
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Transportation
• Ethanol (E85) = produced from corn, trees or other cellulosic material
• Methane = captured from landfills and agricultural livestock facilities
• Biodiesel = created from soybean oil, yellow grease, etc.
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Heating
• Biodiesel … home heating oils• Wood … fireplace, pellet stove
(during the 1870’s, wood was the dominate form of domestic energy…
then coal and petroleum became easier and cheaper to use for this purpose)
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Cooling
• Chillers fueled by biofuels supply air conditioning needs…
(renewable fuel technologies are advancing rapidly to meet this
need)
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Methods of obtaining
BIOFUELS
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DIRECTCOMBUSTION
Where plant fiber is broken down and ignited to generate
steam heat
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BIOCHEMICAL• Anaerobic digestion =
fermentation in absence of O2 to produce biogas
• Fermentation = using enzymes and yeast
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THERMOCHEMICAL
• Gasification = partial combustion of plant fiber to yield gasses ignited for energy
• Liquefaction = heating and condensation of plant material to produce various by-products
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… for BIOENERGY options to be utilized, they must first be
manufactured and made available at a cost
competitive/market price
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In Conclusion
BIOMASS
… is a VALUABLE Bio-energy fuel!
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THANK YOU!
For more information on bioenergy activities through the University of Delaware, feel free to contact me
@ (302) 730-4000 or email: [email protected]