Download - Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly
![Page 1: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness:
the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly
HIE, 28 October 2015
Remko Duursma(and many collaborators)
![Page 2: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why are we obsessed with the Earth’s carbon balance?
Source: IPCC
Climate warming is proportional to cumulative CO2 emissions
![Page 3: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Source: IPCC
Why are we obsessed with the Earth’s carbon balance?A large fraction of CO2 emissions is sequestered by the land sink
![Page 4: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
But difficult to predict the change in carbon sequestration with climate change
Global vegetation models are used for these predictions.
Friend et al. 2014 (PNAS)
Large uncertainty!
Very large disagreement between models in the residence time of carbon in ecosystems
![Page 5: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Global vegetation models make different assumptions about most processes
Medlyn et al. 2015 (Nature Climate Change)
![Page 6: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Improving representation of residence time
• The residence time will depend in part on the partitioning of carbon to long-lived stems vs. short-lived foliage
• Leaves turn over quickly, enter the soil carbon cycle where most of the carbon is released back to the atmosphere
• Woody biomass persist for many years.
• For biomass allocation, current-generation GVMs are highly simplified and based on very sparse input data or often 'best guesses‘
• We need data
![Page 7: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Will Cornwell (Twitter, 10 June 2014; @will_cornwell)
Another problem is the huge diversity in plants, and lack of data on most species
![Page 8: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Plant functional types: simple classification to avoid species-level data
Ca. 45% of the world’s plant species are woody (Fitzjohn et al. 2014)De
cidu
ous
Ever
gree
n
Angiosperm Gymnosperm
![Page 9: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Global distribution of four major woody plant functional types
Based on data from ESA Climate Change Initiative Land Cover project (http://www.esa-landcover-cci.org/)
![Page 10: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
But the major PFTs have much overlap in climate space
![Page 11: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
BioScience
![Page 12: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Gary Hincks
Angiosperms evolved later, are far more diverse than gymnosperms
(copyrighted image)
![Page 13: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Functional significance of the angiosperm / gymnosperm divide
• Angiosperms differ from gymnosperms in water transport vessel anatomy (both in stems and in leaves)
• This has consequences for water relations (drought tolerance) and is also reflected in wood density
Based on data by Zanne et al. 2009 & TRY Categorical Plant Traits
![Page 14: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Enquist & Niklas 2002 (Science)
Gymnosperms have more foliage biomass than angiosperms
(Although these figures hide this difference very well)
• But, surprisingly, we don’t know whether leaf area differs between PFTs• Leaf area is relevant because it drives light interception and thus photosynthesis
![Page 15: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
“… some gymnosperms attain a higher productivity than co-occurring angiosperm trees by accumulating several cohorts of leaves with a higher total leaf area.”
1989
![Page 16: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Based on data from Wright et al. 2004 (Nature; GlopNET)
Plant functional types differ strongly in leaf mass per area (LMA)
0.25-0.75 quantiles
• In turn, LMA correlates with leaf lifespan, and thus residence time of foliage.
Can lower leaf mass in deciduous angiosperms be compensated by LMA?
![Page 17: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Questions
• How does biomass partitioning (leaf vs. stem) differ between
• Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperms• Deciduous vs. Evergreen
• Does higher leaf mass per area (LMA) lead to higher plant leaf mass, or lower leaf area?
• Does biomass partitioning depend on climate (mean annual rainfall, mean annual temperature)?
![Page 18: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Biomass and Allometry Database (BAAD)
• data from published and unpublished sources, containing biomass and size metrics for woody plants
• Authors were contacted directly, and were asked for raw data + metadata• Individual plants, destructive harvest (not from allometric estimates)
Raw data Manipulate data (if needed) Extract variables included in BAAD (and assign unified variable names) Add new data (e.g. latitude, longitude, species) Store metadata (methods for data collection) Store study contacts
Clean data • Repeat for each separate study• Combine all clean datasets• Post-process (calculate derived
variables, check species names against databases, etc.)
BAAD
See also our post on https://ropensci.org/blog/
![Page 19: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
See also our post on https://ropensci.org/blog/
Data are available without restrictions (CC0 License)
![Page 20: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
BAAD in numbers 20950 individual woody plants176 published or unpublished studies674 species from 120 taxonomic families
Height range from <1cm to 112m, weight from <1g to >300t.
![Page 21: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Falster et al. 2015 (Ecology)
![Page 22: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MAP and MAT of studies in BAAD compared to global land cover
Duursma & Falster in revision
![Page 23: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Komiyama et al. 2002, 2003
![Page 24: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Komiyama et al., Japan
![Page 28: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ribeiro et al. 2011
![Page 29: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Australia
Canada
Spain
Malaysia
![Page 30: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Congo Estonia
Spain Argentina
![Page 31: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Also : N content, wood density by component (limited)
![Page 32: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Different scaling for leaf and woody biomass with plant height
Duursma & Falster in revision
Sequioa sempervirensEucalyptus
regnans
![Page 33: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Terminology
• We here considered aboveground biomass only(Analysis of root data showed no differences between PFTs)
Leaf Mass Fraction (LMF) = leaf mass / aboveground biomass
Leaf Area Ratio (LAR) = leaf area / aboveground biomass
Leaf Mass per Area (LMA) = leaf mass / leaf area
![Page 34: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Least-square means
Leaf mass fraction : proportional to leaf mass per area across PFTs
PFTs have similar leaf area per unit biomass
Leaf area ratio does not differ between PFTs
Duursma & Falster in revision
![Page 35: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Pipe model: every leaf is connected to a unit sapwood which supplies water to the leaves
When pipes die, they turn into heartwood, which stays on the plant
When leaves die, they fall off
So we expect leaf / stem ratio to decline over time, as plants grow in size
Valentine 1988 (AnnBot)
Why does the leaf mass fraction decrease as plants grow?
![Page 36: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• LMF and LAR are strongly dependent on plant height
• Leaf mass fraction can be further decomposed into
where AS is basal stem area
• Similar to LMF, foliage biomass per unit stem area was proportional to LMA
• These variables are only very weakly dependent on plant height
![Page 37: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Weak and inconsistent effects of climate
• Either by biome (boreal, temperate, tropical) or mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature
Duursma & Falster in revision
![Page 38: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Conclusions• Three plant functional types differ strongly in leaf mass supported at a
total aboveground biomass or basal stem area
• At given plant height, LMF was proportional to LMA across PFTs• This also to some extent across species, although there is much
variation within PFTs not accounted for
• As a result, leaf area ratio was not different between PFTs
• No clear effects of climate on biomass partitioning
• These results can be used to constrain biomass partitioning estimates in global vegetation models, which routinely predict differences between PFTs
![Page 39: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
But what about leaf area of plant communities?
Leaf area index (LAI) : amount of leaf area per unit ground area.
LAI = stocking * tree leaf area(stocking: number of trees per unit ground area)
Based on data compiled by Luyssaert et al. 2007
![Page 40: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
n = 943, ‘Natural’ vegetation only. Based on data by Iio et al. 2013
Evergreen gymnosperms have higher LAI than evergreen angiosperms
![Page 41: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
But low LAI in evergreen angiosperms seems largely driven by Eucalyptus!
‘Natural’ vegetation only. Based on data by Iio et al. 2013
![Page 42: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Leaf area index at the EucFACE : response to elevated CO2 and/or soil water?
• Low LAI for Eucalyptus suggests a response to CO2 is possible• CO2 enhances photosynthesis, we could expect increased leaf growth?
Review of Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) sites by Norby & Zak 2011
![Page 43: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Models largely also predict a positive response to CO2
Model simulations at the EucFACE, over 12 years with variable rainfallBased on simulation data by Medlyn et al. in revision (Application of ecosystem models to EucFACE)
(%)
Largely because increased productivity leads to more leaf growth
![Page 44: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
EucFACE• Six 'rings' of 25m diameter• 3 at ambient [CO2], 3 at ambient + 150ppm• 'Fully' instrumented• Supersite nearby • Eucalyptus tereticornis
![Page 45: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
High variability in rainfall : frequent water limitation
![Page 47: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
LAI estimates via canopy transmittance
Monsi and Saeki 1953
Very long history of estimating LAI based on measurements of light intensity
(The slope of this relationship is the ‘extinction coefficient’)
![Page 48: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• 3 sensors below the canopy, one above, each ring.• PAR is logged every minute since October 2012.
Almost 40 million readings of PAR to date.
![Page 49: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Measurements of light above and below the canopy
PAR = photosynthetically active radiationSunny
Time (hours)
PP
FD
m
olm
2s
1
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
050
010
0015
0020
00
Cloudy
Time (hours)
PP
FD
m
olm
2s
1
0 4 8 12 16 20 240
200
400
600
800
PAR
PAR
![Page 50: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Canopy transmittance : ratio of below / above canopy PAR
Sunny
Time (hours)
Tran
smitt
ance
P
PFD
belo
wP
PFD
abov
e
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0 Cloudy
Time (hours)
Tran
smitt
ance
P
PFD
belo
wP
PFD
abov
e
0 4 8 12 16 20 240.
00.
20.
40.
60.
81.
0
‘SunShine’ sensor tells us how cloudy it is (‘fraction diffuse radiation’)
![Page 51: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
LAI from canopy transmittance reveals high temporal and among-ring variability
![Page 52: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
An uninvited guest : psyllids are affecting leaf area dynamics
Cardiaspina sp. Photos: Aidan HallHall et al. 2015Gherlenda et al. submitted
LerpPsyllid
![Page 53: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Duursma et al. accepted, GlobChangeBiol
No effect of CO2 on LAI at the EucFACE
![Page 54: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Why is there no effect of elevated CO2 on LAI at the EucFACE?
1. Leaf growth may not be limited by availability of carbon• Water limitation• Nutrient limitations
2. Extra carbon from increased photosynthesis may be allocated elsewhere• Roots? Storage?
3. It’s the statistics, dummy : not detecting a difference is no evidence for absence of a difference
![Page 55: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Least-square means : fitted LAI at a common pre-treatment basal area
Confidence intervals are very small : we could pick up a difference of 6% in LAI between treatments
Duursma et al. accepted, GlobChangeBiol
![Page 56: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
'Flat canopy' photos (canopy cover photography)
ca. 30 degrees
• Automated tresholding (blue channel)• Ca. 21 photos per ring, ca. monthly, when
cloudy
Teresa Gimeno, Matthias Boer
![Page 57: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Good correspondence between independent methods
Photography-based method also showed no response to elevated CO2
LAI f
rom
can
opy
tran
smitt
ance
Duursma et al. accepted, GlobChangeBiol
![Page 58: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
EucFACE: no effect of elevated CO2 on LAI
Eucalyptus
Norby & Zak 2011 + EucFACE
![Page 59: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Leaf growth observed
![Page 60: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
19 Dec 2013 6 Jan 2014
maps.nearmap.com
![Page 61: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
= Leaf production – Leaf shedding
![Page 62: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Litter production and dynamics of leaf area index
Litter production shows interesting dynamics:when new leaves are growing, old leaves are shedM
onth
ly n
et c
hang
e in
LAI
Monthly litter production
Duursma et al. accepted, GlobChangeBiol
![Page 63: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
So we now how much leaf area there is, but what does it look like?Is all leaf area functional all of the time?
![Page 64: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
The cameras are programmed to take six photos of each ring, 3 times a day
So far, more than 25,000 photos have been taken since Nov . 2014
![Page 66: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Canopy greenness
‘Green chromatic coordinate’ (GCC) = R / (R + G + B)
Has been used extensively to study phenology of deciduous canopiesUseful for ‘evergreen’ Eucalyptus canopies?
Richardson et al. 2009 (Ecol. App.)
![Page 67: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Link to VideoNov. 2014 Jan. 2015
Sep. 2015 Oct. 2015
![Page 68: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Ring 3
Duursma, unpublished
![Page 70: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Ring 6, sunny days
![Page 71: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
The Good : Leaf area index at the EucFACE can be measured accurately with canopy transmittance, and we can confidently conclude no response to CO2
The BAAD: a global Biomass And Allometry Database reveals consistent patterns among major woody plant functional types.
… but these do not easily translate to patterns in leaf area index.
The Ugly: Canopy greenness as measured by automated cameras reveals when the canopy is ugly, but analysis will be difficult
![Page 72: Biomass partitioning, leaf area index, and canopy greenness: the Good, the BAAD and the Ugly](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062902/58eea32b1a28ab93648b459b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
AcknowledgmentsBiomass And Allometry Database:Daniel Falster, Masae Ishihara, Diego R. Barneche, Rich G. FitzJohn,Angelica Vårhammar, and 86 data contributors
EucFACETeresa Gimeno, Matthias Boer, Kristine Crous, Mark Tjoelker, David Ellsworth, Steven Wohl, Vinod Kumar, Craig McNamara, Craig Barton, Andrew Gherlenda, Jeff Powell
OtherBelinda Medlyn, Martin De Kauwe
www.remkoduursma.com