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Biomedical applications of molecular imaging
Tony Lahoutte
UMons
Nov-Dec 2011
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Course 1
Part 1: Introduction and general principles
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Biomedical Imaging
RöntgenHand of Anna Berthe
1895
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Biomedical Imaging
Röntgen22 dec 1895
Hand of Anna Berthe23 January 1896
Hand of Albert von Kölliker
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Biomedical Imaging
Weissleder and Pittet, Nature 2009
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Biomedical Imaging
1. Microscopy: In vitro samples or in vivo tissues
2. Preclinical Imaging:
In vivo imaging in animal models
3. Clinical Imaging: Imaging in patients
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Biomedical Imaging
CT – X-ray
SPECT & PET
MRI
www.mi-central.org
BioluminescenceFluorescence
FRET/FRAPImageStream
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Biomedical Imaging
Anatomical imaging: Organ and tissue morphology
Physiologic Imaging: Organ and tissue function
Molecular Imaging: Molecules and cells
Molecular
Anatomy
Physiology
Cell
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Molecular Imaging
Definition:Molecular imaging is the visualization, the
characterization and the measurement of biological processes at the molecular and
cellular levels in living systems
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Anatomical
Molecular
Hybrid Imaging
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Anatomical
CT scan
of a women
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Molecular
Glucose
molecules
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PET-CT scan
Computed Tomography
or CT scanAnatomical
Positron Emission Tomography or PET scan
Molecular
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Anatomical + Molecular
PET/CT
fusion
image
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Anatomical
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Molecular
Radiolabeled antibody fragments that recognize cancer cells
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SPECT-CT
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Anatomical + Molecular
SPECT/CT
fusion
image
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Anatomical
MRI scan
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Anatomical + Molecular
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PET/MRI scanner
Courtesy of University of Tübingen
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FMT/MRI
J. Chen, JCI, 2009: “Combined magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging of the living mouse brain reveals glioma response to chemotherapy”
Fluorescence Molecular Tomography/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging=
FMT/MRI
MRI FMT
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FMT/CT
FMT/CT fusion
Nature 2008;452:580-589
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FMT scanner
VisenImaging Near Infrared Fluorescence
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Anatomical + Molecular
PET/CT
SPECT/CT
PET/MRI
FMT/MRI
FMT/CT
=
Hybrid imaging
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Physiological Imaging
= Functional Imaging
- visualizing cardiac contraction- Imaging blood perfusion- ...
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Planar and Tomographic Imaging
Planar = 2D projection
Tomographic = 3D volume
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Planar and Tomographic Imaging
Gamma Camera
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Planar and Tomographic Imaging
Planar = 2D projection
Anterior and posterior view of a planar bone scintigraphy
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Planar and Tomographic Imaging
Tomographic = 3D volume
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Static and Dynamic Imaging
Static image= 1 time interval
Dynamic image = multiple time intervals
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Static and Dynamic Imaging
Static image = 1 time interval
Static image of a radiolabeled antibody between 1-10 s after intravenous injection in a rat
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Static and Dynamic Imaging
Dynamic image = multiple time intervals
Dynamic image of a radiolabeled antibody between 1second and 10 min after intravenous injection in a rat. Every frame is 10 seconds
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Special case of dynamic: Gated Image
Gated image = images are synchronized with cardiac contraction or respiration
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Special case of dynamic: Gated Image
Gated image = images are synchronized with cardiac contraction or respiration
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Static and Dynamic Imaging
Different combinations are possible:
Static planar imageDynamic planar imageStatic tomographic imageDynamic tomographic image
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Slicing and orientation
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Slicing and orientation
Transverse
Sagittal
Coronal
R
R
A
A
L
L
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Slicing and orientation
Orientation: we look from the feet to the head
R L
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Slicing and orientation
Orientation: we look from the feet to the head
R L
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Slicing and orientation
Orientation: we look from the feet to the head
R L
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Slicing and orientation
Orientation: we look from the feet to the head
R L
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Slicing and orientation
Orientation: we look from the feet to the head
R L
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Slicing and orientation
Orientation: we look from the feet to the head
R L
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Slicing and orientation
Orientation: we look from the feet to the head
R L
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End of part 1