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Fred’s blood group was determined to be AB positive. This means
Select one:
a. there are no A, B, or Rh antibodies in the plasma
Correct well done. Fred has A and B antigens on the surace o the red cell ma!ing him blood group AB and
also has the rhesus antigen on the surace o the red cell ma!ing him positive. All together AB positive
b. A, B, or Rh antibodies are present on the red blood cells
c. his blood lac!s Rh actor
d. he can onl" receive blood rom a donor who is AB positive
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An autoimmune disease is
Select one:
a. an automatic response to pathogens
b. also !nown as h"persensitivit"
c. a result o e'posure to allergens
d. the production o antibodies against "our own tissues
Correct well done. An autoimmune disease occurs when "ou produce antibodies against "our own tissueswhich are no longer recognised as (sel’
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All o the ollowing are produced b" the adrenal gland )*C)+T
Select one:
a. A-
Correct well done. A- is produced b" the h"pothlalmus
b. glucocorticoids
c. mineralocorticoids
d. se' hormones
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The subdural space lies between what two la"ers o the meninges named
Select one:
a. dura and pia
b. dura and arachnoid
Correct well done. a"ering o the meninges rom outside to inside is dura mater, arachnoid mater , pia
mater. So the subdural space lies underneath the dura mater and on top o the arachnoid mater
c. arachnoid and pia
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d. dura and epidura
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A luid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsiication agents and
phospholipids is.
Select one:
a. bile
Correct well done. Bile secreted b" the liver into the duodenum o the small intestine contains cholesterol,
emulsiication agents, and phospholipids
b. pancreatic /uice
c. intestinal /uice
d. gastric /uice
The 0!nee /er!1 rele' is an e'ample o a
Select one:
a. e'tensor thrust rele'
b. stress rele'
c. cross stressor rele'
d. stretch rele'
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The receptors which react most slowl" are the
Select one:
a. smell receptors
b. pressure receptors
c. nociceptors
d. touch receptors
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The structure that draws an ovulated ooc"te into the emale duct s"stem is the
Select one:
a. imbriae
b. microvilli
c. oviduct
d. stereocilia
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Between the visceral and parietal la"ers o the pleura "ou normall" ind
Select one:
a. the lungs
b. air
c. l"mph
d. serous luid
Correct well done. Between the visceral and parietal pleura "ou normall" ind serous luid
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+roprioceptors
Select one:
a. detect changes in blood pressure
b. detect chemical changes
c. receive messages orm the cardiovascular centre
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d. increase heart rate when moving
Correct well done. +roprioreceptors detect movement in muscle. 3ncreased muscle movement means
increased return o blood to the heart b" means o the s!eletal muscle pump. 3ncreased return o blood
increases heart rate and stro!e volume to clear the increased blood return
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The role o mineralocorticoids in long term stress response is
Select one:
a. increase blood glucose
b. decrease blood glucose
c. promote retention o water and sodium b" the !idne"s
d. suppression o immune s"stem
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The organ s"stems that are most responsible or protecting the bod" against pathogens are the
Select one:
a. integumentar" and l"mphatic
Correct well done. The integumentar" s"stem 4s!in5 provides a barrier and the l"mphatic s"stem ilters out
microorganisms and to'ins
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b. s!eletal and circulator"
c. digestive and urinar"
d. muscular and endocrine
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The ollowing statement is correct or a person with blood group B
Select one:
a. this person could donate to a person with blood group 6
b. his&her own plasma contains anti7B antibodies
c. this person could donate blood to a person with blood group AB
Correct well done. Blood group AB is the universal recipient. The AB blood group has neither A or B
antibodies and so cannot clump donor B blood
d. this person could receive blood rom a person with blood group AB
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The anterior pituitar" secretes all o the ollowing )*C)+T
Select one:
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a. A-
Correct well done. A- is released rom the posterior pituitar" and produced in the h"pothalamus
b. growth hormone
c. gonadotrophins
d. TS-
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-eart sounds are caused b"
Select one:
a. e'citation o the SA node
b. closure o the heart valves
Correct well done. Closure o the heart valves cause the heart sounds. (ubb’ is closure o the A8 valves
and (ubb’ closure o the semilunar valves
c. riction o blood against the chamber walls
d. contraction o ventricular muscle
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All o the ollowing are a part o the conduction s"stem o the heart )*C)+T or
Select one:
a. A8 valve
Correct well done. The A8 valve prevents the bac!low o blood to
b. A8 node
c. SA node
d. bundle o -is
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The unction o T"pe 33 4septal5 cells is to
Select one:
a. help control what passes between s2uamous epithelial cells o the endothelial cells o the capillaries
b. produce suractant
Correct well done. The t"pe 33 cells produce suractant to prevent alveolar collapse
c. act as phagoc"tes
d. produce mucus in the upper respirator" tract
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The se' o a child is determined b"
Select one:
a. the se' chromosome contained in the sperm
b. the se' chromosome contained in the ooc"te
c. the number o sperm ertili9ing the ooc"te
d. the position o the etus in the uterus
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Short term stress response include
Select one:
a. activation o CR-
b. activation o glucocorticoids
c. production o ACT-
d. increased heart rate and blood pressure
Correct well done. Short term stress results in secretion o catecholamines 4epinephrine andnorepinephrine5 which causes increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
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uestion ;
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Flag 2uestion
uestion te't
Astroc"tes are the
Select one:
a. neuroglia orming the blood brain barrier
Correct well done. Astroc"tes are the neuroglia orming the blood brain barrier. Theepithelium o the capillaries in the blood brain barrier prevent harmul substances enteringthe brain. This protective mechanism is not oolproo.
b. connective tissue o the brain producing adrenaline
c. neurotransmitters helping with production o melatonin
d. lining o cerebrospinal luid illed cavities
The structure that is <6T a part o the central nervous s"stem is
Select one:a. the brain
b. a nerve
c. the spinal cord
d. a tract
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uestion te't
The 0!nee /er!1 rele' is an e'ample o a
Select one:a. e'tensor thrust rele'
b. stress rele'
c. cross stressor rele'
d. stretch rele'
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Question8
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uestion te't
Cleavage
Select one:
Chec!
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a. is a period o ast meiotic divisions o the 9"gote ollowing ertili9ation
b. is a period o ast mitotic divisions o the 9"gote ollowing ertili9ation
c. is a period o slow mitotic divisions o the 9"gote ollowing ertili9ation
d. produces a small number o cells which serve as building bloc!s or constructing the embr"o
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Question9
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uestion te't
Adrenal steroids which regulate glucose and metabolism are
Select one:a. mineralocorticoids
b. glucocorticoids
c. se' hormones
d. adrenaline
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10
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Chec!
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Flag 2uestion
uestion te't
The reactions o cellular respiration occur mostl" in
Select one:a. ribosomes
b. mitochondria
Correct well done. #itochondria are the sites wher cellular respiration mostl" occurs to produce AT+ energ"
c. smooth )R
d. the nucleolus
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Question11
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uestion te't
-aemostasis is
Select one:a. a process which does not re2uire platelets
b. an e'ample o negative eedbac!
c. maintaining d"namic balance and e2uilibrium in the bod">s processes within limits
d. a series o responses to stop bleeding rom a damaged blood vessel
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Correct well done. -aemostasis consists o three phases vasoconstriction, platelet plug ormation and
blood clotting 4coagulation5
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Question12
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uestion te't
Structures that meet at the neuromuscular /unction are
Select one:a. an a'on and the sacrolemma
Correct well done. An a'on is part o a nerve and the sarcolemma is the cell membrane o a muscle cell
b. an a'on and thic! ilaments
c. T tubules and sacroplasmic reticulum
d. the sacrolemma and T tubules
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Question13
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Both l"mph and venous blood low are heavil" dependent on
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Select one:a. the pumping action o the heart
b. s!eletal muscle contractions and decreased thoracic pressure due to respirator" movement
Correct well done. S!eletal muscle contractions push blood and l"mph through one valves ound in veinsand l"mph vessels. Respirator" movements during inspiration draw blood and l"mph towards the thoracic
cavit" and during e'piration into the heart and subclavian veins
c. contraction o the vessels themselves
d. two7wa" valves
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Question14
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uestion te't
Some o'"gen ma" be stored in muscle ibres bonded to the protein
Select one:a. m"osin
b. troponin
c. m"oglobin
Correct well done. #"oglobin is protein ound in muscle to which o'"gen ma" attach and be stored
d. haemoglobin
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Chec!
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15
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The metabolism of proteins by the liver causes the release of a by product in urine called
Select one:a. steroids
b. acet"l coA
c. !etone bodies
d. urea
Correct. ?ell done. Amine groups rom the protein ingested is deto'iied in the liver and converted to urea
so it can be e'creted rom the bod" via urine in the !idne".
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Question16
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The valve ound at the /unction o the right ventricle and the pulmonar" arter" is
Select one:a. tricuspid valve
b. mitral valve
c. pulmonar" semilunar valve
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Correct well done. The semilunar valves prevent bac!low rom the arteries to the ventricles. Bac!low to
the right ventricle is prevented b" the pulmonar" semilunar valve
d. aortic semilunar valve
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Question17
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uestion te't
The serous luid between the pleural membranes !eeps the membranes together and
Select one:a. e'changes gases
b. creates riction
c. destro"s pathogens
d. prevents riction
Correct well done. Serous luid between the pleural membranes helps reduce riction
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Question18
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uestion te't
The endosteum is the
Select one:a. covering o a long bone
b. marrow in spong" bone
c. end o a long bone
d. lining o the medullar" cavit"
Correct well done. The endosteum lines the medullar" o marrow cavit"
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Question19
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uestion te't
All o the ollowing are unctions o the liver )*C)+T
Select one:a. s"nthesis o bile salts
b. lipid metabolism
c. storage o vitamin @
d. production o vitamin @
Correct well done. +roduction o vitamin @ is not a unction o the liver. 8itamin @ is obtained rom turnips,
greens, liver etc and and produced b" some bacteria in the gut
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Chec!
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n 20
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uestion te't
Return o blood to the heart is assisted b"
Select one:a. valves in arteries
b. thic! la"er o smooth muscle in arteries
c. l"mphatic drainage
d. valve in veins
Correct well done. 8alves in veins prevent the bac! low o blood awa" rom the heart. ?ith the assistance
o muscle contraction and respirator" movement the valves help return blood to the heart
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Question21
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uestion te't
All statements about the cardiac muscle are true below )*C)+T or
Select one:a. cardiac muscle is smooth
Correct well done. There are three t"pes o muscle, cardiac, smooth and s!eletal. Sp cardiac muscle
cannot be smooth
b. cardiac muscle is under hormonal control
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c. cardiac muscle is controlled b" both division o the autonomic nervous s"stem
d. cardiac muscle is striated
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Question22
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3 there is ade2uate carboh"drate inta!e, secretion o insulin results in
Select one:a. lower blood glucose levels
b. increased utili9ation o glucose
c. storage o gl"cogen
d. all o the above
Correct well done. Ade2uate carboh"drate increases blood glucose, stimulates the release o insulin, and
the lowering o blood glucose as the glucose enters the cells. There is increased utilisation o glucose b"
the cell and storage o glucose as gl"cogen
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Question23
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?orn out red blood cells are removed rom circulation b"
Select one:a. l"mph nodes
b. th"mus
c. tonsils
d. spleen
Correct well done. Red blood cells have a useul lie span o $%% $% da"s ater which the spleen
removes them rom circulation
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Question24
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uestion te't
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+lease choose the appropriate terms or the labelled parts o the emale reproductive s"stem
i
Answer 1
iiAnswer 2
iiiAnswer 3
ivAnswer 4
vAnswer 5
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Eou have correctl" selected D.
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allopian tube 4oviduct or uterine tube5
imbriae
ovar"
endometrium
cervi'
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#ale reproductive s"stem:
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Blood vessel diameter is determined b"
Select one:a. blood pressure
b. blood volume
c. return o blood to the heart
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d. smooth muscle
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The correct answer is: smooth muscle
Question6
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All o the ollowing are ound in cerebrospinal luid )*C)+T
Select one:a. glucose
b. red blood cells
c. potassium
d. protein
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The correct answer is: red blood cells
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Question7
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The white matter o the spinal cord contains
Select one:a. m"elinated nerve ibers onl"
b. unm"elinated nerve ibers onl"
c. m"elinated and unm"elinated nerve ibers
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d. soma that have both m"elinated and unm"elinated nerve ibers
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Question8
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+regnanc" tests used toda" on women>s blood or urine are antibod" tests which detect the presence o
Select one:a. luteinising hormone
b. human chorionic gonadotropin
c. ollicle stimulating hormone
d. growth hormone
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The correct answer is: human chorionic gonadotropin
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Question9
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All o the ollowing are long term stress responses )*C)+T
Select one:a. retention o water and sodium b" !idne"s
b. increased blood volume and blood pressure
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c. increased heart rate
d. suppresion o immune s"stem
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Question10
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The ollowing correctl" lists the levels o organi9ation rom least comple' to most comple'
Select one:a. cellular, tissue, chemical, s"stem, organ
b. cellular, tissue, organ, s"stem, organism
Correct well done. Cellular is the least comple' in this list and all the others ollow in the correct order
c. tissue, cellular, organ, s"stem, organism
d. organism, s"stem, tissue, cellular, chemical
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The correct answer is: cellular, tissue, organ, s"stem, organism
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Question11
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An amphiarthrodial /oint is
Select one:
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a. reel" moveable
b. slightl" moveable
Correct well done. Amphiarthrodial /oints are slightl" moveable
c. immoveable
d. removeable
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Question12
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The cells that produce bone matri' and those that reabsorb bone matri' are called
Select one:a. osteoblasts&osteoclasts
Correct well done. The osteoblasts produce bone matri' and the osteoclasts reabsorb bone matri'
b. osteoclasts&ibroblasts
c. osteoc"te&osteoblasts
d. osteoblasts&ibroblasts
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The correct answer is: osteoblasts&osteoclasts
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Question13
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uestion te't
Basic rele'es
Select one:a. are rapid, predictable, learned responses
b. ma" be modiied b" learned behaviour
Correct well done. Some rele'es can be (over ruled’ b" the higher centres to prevent them rom happening
c. are autonomic onl"
d. are alwa"s mediated b" the brain
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The correct answer is: ma" be modiied b" learned behaviour
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Question14
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uestion te't
Return o blood to the heart is assisted b"
Select one:a. valves in arteries
b. thic! la"er o smooth muscle in arteries
c. l"mphatic drainage
d. valve in veins
Correct well done. 8alves in veins prevent the bac! low o blood awa" rom the heart. ?ith the assistance
o muscle contraction and respirator" movement the valves help return blood to the heart
Feedbac!
The correct answer is: valve in veins
Correct
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Question15
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The process o haemopoiesis occurs in
Select one:a. the periosteum
b. "ellow bone marrow
c. endosteum
d. red bone marrow
Correct well done. The red bone marrow is the site o blood cell production also !nown as haemopoiesis
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The correct answer is: red bone marrow
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Question16
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uestion te't
-ormones
Select one:a. are produced b" e'ocrine glands
b. are carried to all parts o the bod" in blood
Correct well done. -ormones are secreted b" endocrine glands into blood which transports the hormone to
it’s target tissue
c. remain at constant concentration in blood
d. aect onl" non7hormone producing organs
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The correct answer is: are carried to all parts o the bod" in blood
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Correct
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Question17
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uestion te't
rine passes through the ureters b"
Select one:a. cliliar" action
b. peristalsis
Correct well done. +eristalsis is used to move substances through tubes b" alternate contraction o circular
and longitudinal la"ers o smooth muscle in the wall o the ureter
c. gravit" alone
d. suction
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The correct answer is: peristalsis
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Question18
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uestion te't
The residual volume is the amount o air
Select one:a. remaining in the lungs ater the lungs collapse
b. that can be inhaled above tidal volume
c. remaining in the lung ater a orced e'piration
Correct well done. The residual volume is the amount o air remaining in the lung ater a orced e'piration
d. contained in airspaces above the alveoli
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The correct answer is: remaining in the lung ater a orced e'piration
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Question19
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uestion te't
The process gluconeogenesis is
Select one:a. production o glucose rom ats
b. production o glucose rom carboh"drates
c. production o gl"cogen
d. production o glucose rom proteins
Correct well done. Gluconeogenesis is the production o (new’ glucose rom other sources such as proteins
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The correct answer is: production o glucose rom proteins
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Question20
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uestion te't
The organ that regulates er"throc"te production is the
Select one:a. brain
b. liver
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c. !idne"
Correct well done. The !idne" regulates red blood cell production b" producing er"thropoietin when the red
blood cell number is low. )r"thropoietin stimulates red bone marrow to produce red blood cells
d. pancreas
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The correct answer is: !idne"
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Question21
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uestion te't
?hen the diaphragm contracts
Select one:a. the volume o the chest cavit" decreases
b. the lungs e'pand to ill the e'tra space in the chest cavit"
Correct well done. ?hen the diaphragm contracts the volume o the chest cavit" increases and the lungs
e'pand to ill the e'tra space
c. air rom inside rushes out o the lungs
d. the pressure inside the chest cavit" increases
Feedbac!The correct answer is: the lungs e'pand to ill the e'tra space in the chest cavit"
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Question22
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uestion te't
?orn out red blood cells are removed rom circulation b"
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Select one:a. l"mph nodes
b. th"mus
c. tonsils
d. spleen
Correct well done. Red blood cells have a useul lie span o $%% $% da"s ater which the spleen
removes them rom circulation
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The correct answer is: spleen
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Question23
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uestion te't
The percentage o total blood volume occupied b" red blood cells is
Select one:a. red blood cell count
b. hematocrit
Correct well done. A haematocrit determines the percent volume o blood occupied b" red cells. <ormal
values are ;HI J or DI in males and ;I K or D in emales
c. white blood cell count
d. serum
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The correct answer is: hematocrit
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