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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
INFORMATION Defined as the characteristics of the
o/p of the process Is produced by all processes and it is
the value of characteristics in the process’ output that are information.
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
PROCESS A set of logically related tasks
performed to achieve a defined goals Is a instance of a program (running in a
computer)
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Processing Transforming / Converting / Changing
the data into desired outputs
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
KNOWLEDGE An awareness and understanding of a
set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
INFORMATION SYSTEM IS – set of interrelated components IS – provides a feedback mechanism to
meet an objective E.g. of IS are
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Organization An organized group with a particular
purpose., e.g business System Collection of people/resources Objective is to make profits Maximize the stakeholders value
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
In any organization..
Inputs are Material / People / Money Outputs are Goods / Services
producedNote : Outputs have higher value than
Inputs.HOW ??
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Inputs Transformation Mechanism
Decision Making
Outputs
DATA FLOW
DECISION FLOW
Material and Physical Flow
Value flow
Model of an Organization
Org System Process Subsystem
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Objective / Goals of Organization Make Profits / Revenues Maximize the Stakeholders /
Shareholders value Who are responsible for this Money, People, Material, M/c,
Equipments, Information, Database, decision are constantly utilized.
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Organization Structure Contains various subunits which
relates to each other and to the organization as a whole
WHY ?? for work decision, role assignment,
authority, responsibilities.
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Types of Org. Structures 1. Traditional Generally – Hierarchical split
Structure Strategically to operationally High degree of Authority Corporate goals is major look out
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
2. Project OS Confined for particular period Forming of new team for new project Focused on prod / service as a center
point E.g ERP project
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
3. Team OS Focused on group / teams ( small or
large) Team is undefined E.g
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
4. Multidimensional OS Combination of TOS and POS It results in to Matrix WHAT are The Adv. and DIS-
Advantage? Several stru. Links at the same time Not preferred generally
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
5. Virtual OS Almost as Described (Incomplete) Temporary Geographically separated People can collaborate on any project
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Organization Culture WHAT ?? To understand the beliefs / values /
approach for decision making To make assumptions which is not
documented and not stated.E.G :
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Organization Change
Only constant thing It involves change-theories Identification of the phases and ways
to implement them Phase 1 – Unfreezing Phase 2 – Moving Phase 3 - Refreezing
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Unfreezing Discarding / leaving / ceasing /
removing the old habits or methodologies and
To make a climate / way to change E.g.,
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Moving Process of entry in to the new work
methods / methodology / system E.g.,
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Refreezing Vital phase as the reinforcing the
changes made happen here Need is to know-how of the dynamics
of change Used to maximize the efficiency and
effectiveness of the organization system.
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Re-engineering Redesigning the process for business processes, for org
structure change, for IS change, for change of value (of org.)
WHY Required ??WHAT are the benefits ??
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Re-engineering is Required.. To remain competent To do any fundamental changes in
the business To gain / obtain the desired
breakthrough in business-results
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Benefits of Re-engineering Increases productivity Increases service quality Enhance customer satisfaction Increases revenues / profitability
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Technology Diffusion(TD) Diffusion means spreading over the
large area TD is spreading of technology widely
in an organization E.g :
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Technology Infusion (TI) Infuse means spreading throughout. TI is spread or imbedded technology
in an organization E.g:
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Total Quality Management Quality – Quality means ..a method, value-approach up to desired value
Management –?Management means.. a process of planning, organising, staffing, co-
ordinating and controlling the resources to achieve the business goals.
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
TQM – is methodology to sustain and maintain the quality commitment level of an organization with reference to the way of approach, tools, and techniques.
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Total Cost of Ownership
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Careers in IS
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04/08/23 Kamlesh Ghag
Please answer … How IS adhere to TQM in the
organization when integrated into business ??