Download - Body Systems & Immunity
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Disease is a failure of Homeostasis
Virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasites may cause infections
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Immunity: provides for protection from pathogens
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Immune system from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms
Antigens: factors the body “sees” as foreign
Pathogenic Organisms: cause disease
Engulfing White Blood Cell
Antibody-antigen interaction
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Immunity can occur naturally or artificially
1. Active Immunity: stimulates the infected person’s immune system
a. Immunization by vaccination give the person a weakened, dead, fragment of the pathogen
b. Recover from the infection
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2. Passive Immunity: person receives antibodies only so it is temporary
a. Maternal immunity occurs when antibodies pass from mother to baby through placenta and breast milk b. Artificial injection of antibodies gives short term immunity
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Antibodies are structure specific to the antigen
Antigens are on the foreign substance and we make specific antibodies
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Antibodies inactivates antigens several ways
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Vaccinations: Patient receive weakened versions of pathogen to stimulate the immune system
WeakenedPathogen
Antigen
Antibody
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Vaccines movie
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Immune System FailuresAutoimmune diseases: immune system destroys body cells,
type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Disease
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The first exposure to a pathogen memory cells specific to that pathogen. A second exposure activates those memory cells.
Primary and Secondary Immune Responses
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Large White Blood Cells engulf pathogens. They display antigens and activates helper T cells. The helper T cells stimulate other T cells and B cells.
HIV virus kills Helper T cells.
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Allergies: immune reaction involving histamines to a “harmless” allergen.
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Human Systems
Humans are complex organisms with multiple systems.
The systems interact to perform life functions.
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Transport System: provides for the circulation and distribution of materials to the cells.
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Respiratory System: provides for gas exchange to supply the cells with O2 and removal of CO2.
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Excretion: provides for the elimination of metabolic wastesMany organs help with excretion: Skin, kidneys, lungs, liver
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Coordination of the cells is provided by the regulatory systems of Nerves and Glands Chemical regulating molecules are produced.
Nerves Endocrine System
Hormones
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Female System:
Ovaries: produce gamete (ova)
Internal Fertilization in Oviduct
Internal Development in Uterus
Hormones:EstrogenProgesterone
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Male System: produces gametes and deliver sperm for fertilization.
Hormone testosterone
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Reproduction: producing offspring is necessary for survival of the species