![Page 1: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bonding
![Page 2: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Video 5.1Types of Bonds
![Page 3: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Octet Rule Review
Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet (8 valence electrons). Bonding creates stability!
*When bonds are formed energy is ___________.
*When bonds are broken energy is ___________.
released
absorbed
![Page 4: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ionic BondsO Transfer of
electrons from the cation to the anion (metal to nonmetal).
O High melting point and boiling point
O Mostly hard crystalline solids
O Conduct as liquid (either melted or dissolved) due to mobile ions.
![Page 5: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ionic BondsSodium Chloride: NaCl (table salt) properties:O HardO Solid crystalsO High melting point,
forget boiling!O Liquid phase
conducts (electrolytes are salts)
![Page 6: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Metallic BondsO Metals onlyO All metals lose their
valence electrons and form a sea of electrons
O High melting point and boiling point
O Insoluble in waterO Always able to conduct
heat and electric due to mobile electrons
O MalleableO Ductile
![Page 7: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Metallic Bonds
Copper (Cu) properties:O Hard solidO High melting
point, forget boiling!
O Malleable and ductile
O ConductorO Can’t dissolve
![Page 8: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Metallic BondsSea of electrons
Copper (I) ions Copper (II) ions
![Page 9: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Covalent Bonds (Molecular)O Nonmetals onlyO Share electrons
between atomsO Low melting
point and boiling point
O Never conduct heat or electricity
O Soft solid or gas
![Page 10: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Covalent Bonds
Dextrose C6H12O6
(Sugar) properties:O SoftO Melts easily in
sauce pans for caramel
O Doesn’t conduct (nonelectrolyte)
![Page 11: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What type of bond is created?
1. Ca + O2. K + Br3. S + Cl4. I + S5. Li + Mg6. Ba + S
M+ NM = Ionic
NM + NM = Covalent
M + NM = Ionic
M + NM = Ionic
NM + NM = CovalentM + M = Metallic
![Page 12: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Video 5.2Ionic Compounds
![Page 13: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Review: Find the ionic formula:
1. K + Br
2. Mg + Cl
3. Na + S
4. Ca + S
KBr
MgCl2
Na2S
CaS
+ -
+2
-
+ -2
+2
-2
![Page 14: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Draw Lewis structures:KBr
MgCl2
Na2S
CaS
![Page 15: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Which subatomic particle is involved in bonding?
Electrons only!
![Page 16: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Geometry of ionic crystals
Ions
Ionic crystal
![Page 17: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Video 5.3Covalent Compounds
![Page 18: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Covalent Lewis Structures Rules: CCl4
1. Add up all valence e-
2. Draw a skeletal structure with bonds between elements. Least frequent element in the middle.
3. Subtract 2e- from total for each bond drawn.
4. Draw in remaining e- to fill each atom’s octet.
5. Evaluate: each atom should have 8 e- only.
C: 4 + 4Cl: 7 = 32 valence e-
ClCl—C—Cl Cl
32-8=24
![Page 19: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
VSEPR
“Valence shell electron pair repulsion” is a model for molecules. Lone electron pairs are repelled by one another and should be placed as far apart as
possible.
![Page 20: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Geometry1. Linear: The molecule is on one plane
(flat) such as CO2 or H2.
2. Bent: The molecule is bent at angle like H2O due to unshared electrons and two bonding pairs on the central atom.
![Page 21: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Geometry3. Pyramidal: The molecule has a triangular
shape like NH3 due to a lone pair and three bonding pairs on the central atom.
4. Tetrahedral: The molecule has four bonding pairs and no lone pairs on
the central atom like CH4.
![Page 22: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Examples:O Draw the following molecules and identify
their geometry:
1. PCl32. SiCl2H2
3. Br2
4. H2S
pyramidal
tetrahedrallinear
bent
![Page 23: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Video 5.4Bond Polarity
![Page 24: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Bond PolarityThe earth has two poles; North and South.
A magnet also has two poles.
Bonds may have two poles. This means one element is charged different than the other.
If a bond is polar, the two elements have different electronegativities. The element with a higher electronegativity will be more negative.
![Page 25: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Bond Polarity
![Page 26: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Bond Polarity
![Page 27: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nonpolar Bond
![Page 28: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bond PolarityElectronegativity
differenceBond type
0-0.4 Nonpolar
0.5-1.0 Polar
1.1-2.0 Very Polar
2.0-4.0 Ionic
![Page 29: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ionic, polar or nonpolar?1. C-Br2. Na-S3. C-C4. H-O5. K-O6. Be-B
7. As-O8. N-O9. C-O10.F-F11.S-C12.N-H
P
I
NP
P
I
I
P
P
P
NP
NP
P
![Page 30: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Covalent BondingO If 2 atoms or more form a bond with the
same electronegativity the bonds are nonpolar and they share e- equally. ( F-F )
O If there is an electronegativity difference between bonded atoms, the bonds are polar and e- are pulled toward the more electronegative atom. (H-F)
O If a bond is polar, the molecule will have a slightly negative and slightly positive side, like 2 poles of a magnet.
![Page 31: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Video 5.5Molecular Polarity
![Page 32: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Molecular PolarityO A polar molecule
will be asymmetrical.
O A nonpolar molecule will have a symmetrical shape or all nonpolar bonds.
![Page 33: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Molecular Polarity
Which are polar molecules? Show charges.
- - -
----
-
-
+++
+
++
NP P P
NP NP
![Page 34: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Molecular Polarity
Water is polar, and like dissolves like, so only polar
molecules are soluble in water. Polar molecules are
also attracted to an electric field.
![Page 35: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Molecular Polarity
O As you can see, normally polar molecules are unaligned.
O When a electric source comes by, the molecules quickly align themselves.
![Page 36: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Video 5.6IMF
![Page 37: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
IMFO Intramolecular forces is another
name for bonds, that keep elements together in compounds.
O Intermolecular forces of attraction are weaker than bonds, but are responsible for holding a substance together (multiple molecules in a confined area).
![Page 38: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
IMF
O The stronger the IMF, the tighter the structure (solid). The melting and boiling points will be high.
O The weaker the IMF, the looser the structure (gas). The melting and boiling points will be low.
![Page 39: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Dipole-DipoleO Dipole-Dipole attractions are strong
forces between polar molecules. It is like static holding the + and – charges together.
![Page 40: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Hydrogen Bonding
A special case: Hydrogen Bonds are the strongest bonds between Hydrogen and very electronegative atoms such as F, O and N. (H bonds are FON!) For example, H2O and HF, due to their polarity, they will attract each other.
![Page 41: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
London Dispersion Forces (LDF)
The weakest attraction between nonpolar molecules occur because electrons temporarily shift creating a temporary + and – charge. The more electrons the compound has, the stronger the force is.
![Page 42: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Summary
OFrom weak to strong:ONonpolar LDFOPolar Dipole Dipole forcesOHydrogen bondsOCovalent BondsO Ionic BondsOMetallic Bonds
![Page 43: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Class Notes
![Page 44: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Show the individual and bonded Lewis structures:
1. Li and F
2. Mg and O
3. Be and S
4. What did all the cations do? 5. What did all the anions do?6. Which of the subatomic particles were changed
and how were they changed?
![Page 45: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Type of Bonding?1. CaCl22. CO2
3. H2O
4. BaSO4
5. K2O
6. NaF
7. Na2CO3
8. CH4
9. SO3
10.LiBr11.MgO12.NH4Cl
13.HCl
14.KI15.NaOH16.NO2
17.AlPO4
18.FeCl319.P2O5
20.N2O3
![Page 47: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e245503460f94b12a8c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)