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History ofLiverpool F.C.
(18921959)Connected to:
Liverpool F.C.Second World WarFirst World WarFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Liverpool's team during their first season,189293
The history of Liverpool Football Clubfrom 1892 to 1959
covers the period from the club's foundation, through their
first period of success from 1900 to the 1920s, to the
appointment ofBill Shanklyasmanager.
Liverpool Football Club was formed on 15 March 1892
following a disagreement between the directors ofEverton
Football Cluband its president,John Houlding,who
owned the club's ground,Anfield.A dispute over rent
resulted in Everton moving toGoodison Park,which left
Houlding with an empty stadium. Thus, he foundedLiverpool F.C., and they joined theLancashire League.
After winning the league title in theirfirst season,
Liverpool was accepted intothe Football Leaguefor
the189394 season,following the resignations
ofAccringtonandBootle.
The appointment ofTom Watsonas the club's manager in
1896 led to the club's first period of sustained success.Liverpool consolidated their position in the Football
League followingpromotionto theFirst Division, and
won their first League championship in 1901. A further
championship followed in 1906, and in 1914 the club
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reached their firstFA Cupfinal, losing toBurnley.
Watson died suddenly in 1915 of pneumonia after the
outbreak of theFirst World War.The club won two
further championships in 1922 and 1923 when footballresumed after the war.
An expansion to theSpion Kopterracing in the 1920s
increased Anfield's capacity. Liverpool's fortunes
declined during the inter-war years, when the club often
finished in midtable. Liverpool became League
champions again in 1947, in thefirst seasonafter
theSecond World War,but following a slow downturn in
performance the club was relegated to the Second
Divisionin 1954. By the time of Shankly's appointment in
1959, Liverpool had been in the Second Division for five
seasons.
Formation
The original kit that Liverpool wore upon their foundation until
1894.
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Liverpool's origins lie with their neighboursEverton.
Founded in 1878, Everton moved toAnfieldin 1884, a
facility owned by the club's president, John Houlding, a
former Lord Mayor of Liverpool.In 1892 a dispute arosebetween Houlding and the Everton board of directors,
over the club's tenancy of the ground. The annual rent had
risen from 100 in 1884 to 250 in 1892; Houlding
wanted to sell the ground to the club, which in turn
wished to agree a long-term rental.[1]Houlding would only
agree to this on the basis of a rent at a level unacceptable
to the club. Negotiations having failed, the directors
decided to leave Anfield and find another ground, leaving
Houlding with an empty stadium. His response was to
form a new football club to occupy the stadium. He
attempted to retain the team name "Everton" by
registering the name "Everton Football Club and Athletic
Grounds Company, Limited" withCompanies House,butthe Football League decided that the name belonged to
the departed Everton club, which acquired new premises
at Goodison Park.Houlding therefore adopted the name
"Liverpool Football Club" for his new venture.[2]
Having established his new club, Houlding applied for
membership of theFirst Divisionofthe Football League,
rather than the newly formedSecond Division.TheLeague, unimpressed with this premature application,
refused to admit the club, which instead joined
theLancashire League.[3]Liverpool played their first
match on 1 September 1892, a pre-seasonfriendly
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matchagainstRotherham Town,which they won 71.
The team Liverpool fielded against Rotherham was
composed entirely of Scottish playersmanagerJohn
McKennahad recruited the players after ascoutingtrip toScotlandso they became known as the "team of
Macs".[4]Liverpool's first match in the Lancashire League,
which they won 80, was against Higher Walton. 200
spectators attended the match, but as thetwenty-two
match seasonproceeded, and Liverpool continued to win,
attendances increased. Approximately 2,000 people
watched Liverpool defeat South Shore in the penultimate
match of the season at Anfield.[5]
Liverpool's first season was successful, as the club
narrowly won the Lancashire League title ongoal
average,overBlackpool.They also won the Liverpool
District Cup by defeating Everton. The subsequent theft
of the league and cup trophies cost the club 130 toreplace them.[2]Following their success, Liverpool
reapplied to the Football League. This application was
successful, mainly because of the resignations
ofAccringtonandBootlefrom the Second Division.
Liverpool's originalstriphad been blue and white
chequered shirts and white shorts, similar to those of their
neighbours Everton. From 1894 they changed to red shirtsand white shorts.[6]
The club's first match in the Football League was
againstMiddlesbrough Ironopolison 2 September 1893,
which they won 20, with Malcolm McVeanscoring
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Liverpool's first goal in League football.[4]Liverpool's first
season in the Football Leaguesaw them unbeaten in 28
matches, 22 of which they won. They finished at the top
of the Second Division, but as at that time there was noautomaticpromotionto the First Division, they were
entered into the test match system. This involved a
knockout match with the bottom team in the First
Division,Newton Heath(later renamed Manchester
United). Liverpool won, and took their place in the First
Division. Their stay in the division lasted only a season,
as they finished in bottom position, with seven wins from
thirty matches. They were relegated to the Second
Division, after facingBuryin the test match and losing 1
0, despite Bury playing most of the match with ten men
after theirgoalkeeperwassent off.[7]
ConsolidationAs more people began to watch Liverpool, the groundcapacity was expanded. The Main Stand was built, which
helped to bring regular attendances of around 20,000.
Liverpool's stay in the Second Division was brief, as they
secured promotion to the First Division during the1895
96 seasontwelve wins in their final fourteen matches
gave them a first-place finish, followed by success in the
test matches overSmall Heath(later renamed
Birmingham City) andWest Bromwich Albion.The club
reached the semi-final of theFA Cupfor the first time in
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the189697 season;they were drawn againstAston Villa,
and with Everton in the other semi-final, there was the
prospect of a first all-Merseysidecup final. However,
while Everton won their tie, Liverpool were defeated 30.[8]After winning promotion, the club appointedTom
Watson,who was managingSunderland, as their new
manager. Watson's record of three League championships
in four seasons with Sunderland convinced Houlding to
make Watson the highest-paid manager in England, with
a yearly salary of 300.[9]Following Watson's
appointment, McKenna remained at the club as an
administrator.[10]
Alex Raisbeck,who captained Liverpool to their first League
championship
During the next two seasons Liverpool consolidated their
place in the First Division, with fifth and ninth-place
finishes. Performances improved in the189899 season,
when the club went into their final game with a chance of
winning their first League championship. They faced
Aston Villa, with whom they were level on points,
although Villa's goal average advantage of 0.02 meant
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that they only needed to draw the match to win the
League title.[11]In the event, Villa won 50, to leave
Liverpool as the runners-up.[12]Liverpool also reached the
FA Cup semi-final, where they facedSheffield United.The match finished in a 22 draw; the
firstreplayatBurnden Parkalso finished with the sides
equal at 44, and a second replay at the smallFallowfield
Stadiumwas abandoned when overcrowding caused fans
to spill onto the pitch. The tie was finally decided at
theBaseball Ground, which Sheffield United won 10.[13]
Liverpool won their first League championship in 1901.
Integral to their success were theircaptainAlex Raisbeck,
andstrikerSam Raybould.Raisbeck, acentre-half,had
been signed fromHibernianin 1898. He became club
captain a year later, and was often the focal point of the
team, as an important defensive player and the instigator
of many of Liverpool's attacks.[14]
Raybould was signedfrom local clubNew Brighton Tower,and in the1899
1900 seasonscored seven times as the club won nine of
their last eleven matches, to finish in tenth place. He
would go on to score 128 goals in 226 matches for
Liverpool.[15]Success in the190001 seasonlooked
unlikely in February, at which point Liverpool had lost
eight games and conceded 31 goals. However, they wonnine and drew three of their next twelve matches, while
only conceding four goals, to achieve their first League
title.[16]They were less successful in the following two
seasons, finishing in eleventh and fifth places
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respectively.[8]The190304 seasonsaw the club relegated
to the Second Division; like the previous relegation it was
only for one year as they won the division thefollowing
season.On their return in the190506 seasontheybecame the first team to win the Second and First
Division in successive seasons. They also reached the
semi-final of the FA Cup, where they faced Everton and
lost 20.[17]
Houlding died in 1902, and in 1905 the ownership of the
club was restructured. Of the existing 3,000 shares, 2,000
were held by the Houlding family. The club owed a debt
of 10,000 to Houlding, and a further 5,000 bank
overdraft was guaranteed by his family. The family
offered to give up the 2,000 shares and wipe out the debt,
if the club relieved them of the bank loan guarantee. The
board agreed, and a new share issue was released in 1906
with 15,000 shares available for 1 each.[18]
Following theshare issue, McKenna became chairman of the club.[19]
Following the club's successes, a new stand was erected
along the Walton Breck Road end of the ground.[20]The
stand became known as theSpion Kopit was originally
given this name by local journalist Ernest Edwards, the
sports editor of theLiverpool Daily Postand theEcho,
after afamous hillin South Africa, wherea local regimenthad suffered heavy lossesduring theBoer War.More than
300 men had died, many of them fromLiverpool, as the
British army attempted to capture the strategic hilltop.[21]
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In the seasons following their second league title,
Liverpool enjoyed limited success, generally finishing in
midtable. They finished in second place behind Aston
Villa in the190910 season,the last for their captain,Raisbeck, who returned to his native Scotland to play
for Partick Thistle.Liverpool's form declined after his
departure, with their best performance in the League a
12th-place finish in the191213 season.There was
improvement in 1914 when the club reached their first FA
Cup final, which they lost10toBurnleyatCrystal
Palace.The following season four Liverpool players were
implicated in the1915 British football betting scandal,
which involved a match with Manchester United. A 20
victory for United was required to win the bet, in which
players from both sides were involved. With the score at
20, Liverpool's Fred Pagnamhit the crossbar with a shot,
at which several of his teammates gestured angrilytowards him.[22]Subsequently,Tom Fairfoul,Tom
Miller,Bob PursellandJackie Sheldonwere found guilty
by aFootball Association(FA) enquiry of conspiring with
three Manchester United players (Sandy Turnbull,Arthur
WhalleyandEnoch West) tofixa United win. All the
players involved were banned for life. Following the end
of theFirst World War,in which Turnbull was killed attheBattle of Arrasin 1917, the FA lifted the surviving
players' bans in recognition of their service in the
conflict.[23]
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Inter-war yearsThree weeks after visiting his hometown ofNewcastleto
celebrate his 56th birthday, Liverpool's manager Tom
Watson developed a severe chill, which developed
intopneumonia.He died on 6 May 1915; Raisbeck and
two other former Liverpool stars,Ned DoigandArthur
Goddard,were pallbearers at the funeral.[24]
During the First World War, with normal Football League
activity suspended, Liverpool competed in a regionalleague, the Lancashire Section.[25]The competition was
split into two parts: "Principal Tournament" and the
"Supplementary Competition". Liverpool won the former
in the191617 season,and the latter in the1917
18and191819 seasons.[26]A number of Liverpool players
fought in the war, includingPhilip Bratley,Robert
CrawfordandWilfred Bartrop.Bartrop was the only oneto be killed, dying on 7 November 1918 while fighting in
Belgium.[27]
Elisha Scott,Liverpool's goalkeeper from 1912 to 1934
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When football resumed after the war for the191920
season,Watson's post as manager was taken byDavid
Ashworth.Liverpool finished in fourth place. During the
season George Vbecame the first reigning monarch towatch a League match, when Liverpool
played Manchester City.[28]Liverpool repeated their fourth-
place finish in 192021,before the regaining the League
championship in the192122 season. Liverpool had
looked certain title winners, before the loss of three of
their last four games put their chances in doubt. A 41
victory over West Bromwich Albion in the penultimate
match of the season was enough to secure Liverpool's
third League championship.[29]
Ashworth left Liverpool midway through the following
season, to manageOldham Athletiche wished to be
closer to his wife and daughter, who lived in
nearbyStockport.[30]
His replacement was the formerLiverpool playerMatt McQueen, a club director.
McQueen was intended as a temporary appointment, but
he kept the job as Liverpool retained the League
championship.[31]This success owed much to the form of
their goalkeeperElisha Scott, who conceded only 31
goals during the season, a league record at the
time.[32]Liverpool's total of 60 points in the season equalledthe record set by West Bromwich Albion three seasons
earlier.[33]Following their successive championships,
Liverpool's fortunes declined as their side aged. Some of
the players had begun their careers before the war;
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goalkeeper Scott had been in the side since 1912.[34]The
club began the192324 seasonaiming to win three
league titles in a row, but finished in twelfth place. They
achieved fourth place the following season, which was tobe their best finish until after theSecond World
War.[33]Changes to theoffside rulein the192526
seasonresulted in an increase in the number of goals
scored during matches.[35]Liverpool contributed to this,
with big victories over Manchester United and Newcastle
United, but could only manage a seventh-place finish.[36]
In 1920, the Kop had been redesigned and extended to
hold 30,000 spectators, all standing.[37]At the time, the
Kop was the biggest football stand in the country, able to
hold more spectators than the entire capacity of some
grounds.[38]The increase in spectators did not fully restore
Liverpool's fortunes; they scored 90 goals during
the192829 season,strikerGordon Hodgsonscoringthirty of them, yet finished in fifth place. McQueen was
unable to replicate his early triumphs with the club, and
retired in 1928 after his leg was amputated following a
road accident.[39]He was replaced as manager by club
secretaryGeorge Patterson.[40]The club's fortunes did not
improve under Patterson's leadership; they generally
finished midtable. Their results were inconsistent; inSeptember 1930, they lost 70 at West Ham United, yet
nine days later they beatBolton Wanderers72 at
Anfield.[41]
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tp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Second_World_Warhttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Second_World_Warhttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/1923%E2%80%9324_Football_Leaguehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/History_of_Liverpool_F.C._(1892%E2%80%931959)#citenoteFOOTNOTEKelly19883434 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During the 1930s Liverpool's form continued to
deteriorate, and they avoided relegation in the193334
seasonby only four points. Scott left the club at the end of
what had been a poor season for the veteran goalkeeper.In ten matches from the start of 1934, Liverpool won only
once with Scott in goal, and after a 92 defeat against
Newcastle United, he was replaced byArthur Riley.The
change of goalkeepers brought an upturn in form, with a
62 victory over Birmingham City and a 41 win
againstMiddlesbrough.Scott, who joinedBelfast
Celticafter 24 years at Liverpool, remains the club's
longest-serving player.[42]As they became used to finishing
in the lower part of the league table, Liverpool began to
lose their best players. Hodgson, who had scored 233
goals in 358 league games, was sold to Aston Villa in
1936 and the club struggled to replace him. They finished
19th in the season following his departure. Also in 1936,Patterson resigned as manager for health reasons, and
resumed his role as the club's secretary.[40]His
replacement,SouthamptonmanagerGeorge Kay, did not
initially fare much better; Liverpool narrowly avoided
relegation in the193637 season,and finished in 11th
place in each of the following two seasons. By the
outbreak of the Second World War, Liverpool hadbecome accustomed to finishing midtable.[29]
Soon after the outbreak of war in 1939, the193940
seasonwas cancelled and all first-class football in Britain
temporarily suspended. When matches resumed,
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competitions were played on a regional basis as in the
previous war, and teams often did not complete a full
season. Liverpool participated in theFootball League
North, which they won in the194243 season.[43]Manyfootballers served in the armed forces, away from their
clubs for long periods, and would often appear as "guests"
for other clubs. Two Liverpool players were decorated for
their wartime service;Berry Nieuwenhuysreceived the
Czech Medal of Merit, andBill Joneswas awarded
theMilitary Medalafter rescuing wounded comrades
under fire.[25]
Post-war declineLeague football in England resumed in the194647
season,after seven seasons' suspension due to the war.
Before the resumption, Liverpool embarked on an eight-
week tour of the United States and Canada, scoring 70goals in the ten matches played. In escaping from post-
war food rationing while on tour, the Liverpool players
were able to eat more, and by the end of the trip had
gained in weight an average of 7 pounds (3.2 kg) a
man.The New York Timesreporter who followed the team
on the tour noted the "perceptible gain in strength on the
playing field."[44]
The first game played at Anfield after the war was against
Middlesbrough, on 4 September 1946, which Liverpool
lost 10 before a crowd of 34,140.[45]Despite this defeat,
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Liverpool finished the 194647 season as League
champions. Vital to this success were their attacking
players; after a 50 defeat to Manchester United the club
boughtAlbert Stubbinsfrom Newcastle United, toaugment the attack alongsideJack BalmerandBilly
Liddell.Balmer typified this new attacking strength by
scoringhat-tricksin three successive matches.[46]However,
the club were unable to match this success in the two
seasons that followed, and finished in 11th and 12th
places respectively.[47]The 194950 seasonbrought
another disappointing league campaign. The season
started well, as the club was unbeaten in their first 19
matches and was top of the league at the turn of the year.
Their form declined thereafter, and they finished eighth.
This did not hinder their progress in the FA Cup, as they
reached their second final (their first atWembley),
againstArsenal.They were unable to win their first FACup; two goals from Arsenal striker Reg Lewismeant
Liverpool lost20.[48]
After their FA Cup final appearance, Liverpool's fortunes
declined steadily. Kay resigned through ill-health, and
was replaced byDon Welsh.[39]Welsh's first season did not
go smoothly, as Liverpool were knocked out of the FA
Cup in the third round byNorwich Cityof the ThirdDivision South.[49]The following year, 61,905 spectators
watched Liverpool beatWolverhampton Wanderers21
in the fourth round of the FA Cup, the biggest attendance
ever recorded at Anfield.[50][51]Under Welsh's stewardship
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the club gradually slipped further down the table, and
were relegated to the Second Division in the195354
season,after finishing in bottom place. Their relegation
came after 50 uninterrupted years in the top division ofEnglish football.[52]The side's decline it did not
preventJohn Moores,owner of retail
company Littlewoods,from investing in the club with a
51% stake.[53]
Liverpool's first season in the Second Division in1954
55brought them an 11th-place finish.[54]During this season
the club suffered the biggest defeat in its history, a 91
loss to Birmingham City.[55]Although in thefollowing
seasonthey improved to third place, it was not enough for
Welsh to keep his job and he was sacked at the end of the
season. His replacement wasPhil Taylor, a former captain
of the club and a member of the coaching staff.[56]Taylor
signed players such as Ronnie Moran,AlanA'CourtandJimmy Melia,who would become mainstays
of the club for seasons to come, but was unable to guide
Liverpool back to the First Division. The Liverpool board
persisted with him, despite the club's loss tonon-
LeaguesideWorcester Cityin the third round of the FA
Cup in January 1959.[57]His tenure ended during the1959
60 season; after a good start, their form began to tail offmid-season, and after a defeat toHuddersfield Town,
Taylor resigned. The man who replaced him was
Huddersfield's manager,Bill Shankly.[58]
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5http://www.wikiwand.com/en/History_of_Liverpool_F.C._(1892%E2%80%931959)#citenoteFOOTNOTELiversedge199120854http://www.wikiwand.com/en/1954%E2%80%9355_Football_Leaguehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/1954%E2%80%9355_Football_Leaguehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/History_of_Liverpool_F.C._(1892%E2%80%931959)#citenoteFOOTNOTEOram20145353http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Littlewoodshttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/John_Moores_(British_businessman)http://www.wikiwand.com/en/History_of_Liverpool_F.C._(1892%E2%80%931959)#citenoteFOOTNOTEPead19862352http://www.wikiwand.com/en/1953%E2%80%9354_Football_Leaguehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/1953%E2%80%9354_Football_League 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Footnotes
ReferencesCategoriesThis page is based on aWikipediaarticle (read/edit).
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respective licenses.Cover photo is available underCC BY
2.0license. Credit:Ben Sutherland(see original file).
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Send FeedbackHistory of Liverpool F.C. (18921959)
Introduction
Formation Consolidation
Inter-war years
Post-war decline
EN
+
2016 Jakarta
attacksConnected to:
StarbucksIslamic State of Iraq and the LevantUnited Nations
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports
may be unreliable. The last updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (January 2016)
2016 Jakarta attacks
Attack site shown on a map of Jakarta
Location Jakarta,Indonesia
Coordinates 61112.56S1064923.38E
Date 14 January 2016
10:40 - 15:30WIB(UTC+07:00)
Attack type S