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Boston, Massachusetts:Growing Pains of a City
John P Sullivan P.E.Chief EngineerBoston Water and Sewer CommissionOctober 31, 2016
EPA 2016 National Nonpoint Source Training Workshop
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Boston
1630
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View from the State House 1857
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City Expansion
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Introduction of Public Water Supply 1848
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Boston Main Drainage System
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Improvements made during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s
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History of Sewer System
• 1876 - Major improvement with Boston’s First Sewer System
• 1889 – Metropolitan Sewerage District formed to construct regional sewers.
• 1919 - Metropolitan District Commission takes control – major water Quality problems
• 1940 - Three treatment plants recommended: Nut, Moon and Deer Island
• 1952 – Nut Island Primary constructed
• 1968 – Deer Island Primary constructed and untreated sewage discharge ends
• 1969 – Man lands on the moon (Moon Island plant not built)
• 1977- Boston Water and Sewer Commission created
• 1985 – Massachusetts Water Resources Authority created
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MWRA Sewer Area
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Deer Island Treatment Plant
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Dramatic Improvements In Bacterial Water Quality
Average Enterococcus counts in Boston Harbor
1987-1998 (Before Secondary Treatment
and South System transfer)
Elevated bacteria around outfalls, rivers, Inner
Harbor, shoreline
1999 - 2003 (After Secondary Treatment
and New Outfall)
Most of Harbor well within swimming criteria,
most remaining problems in rivers
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CSO Control Completed
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75% of the city is separated
– Purple: Combined
– Red: Sewer
– Green: Storm Drain
Combined Sewers, Sanitary Sewers and Drains
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Secondary Treatment – Completed
CSO LTCP – Completed
MS4 – The Adventure Begins
2016
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BWSC Collection System
• 1448 miles of sewer and drain pipes• (249 miles combined, 612 miles sanitary, 587 miles storm drain)
• Sewers range from 8 inch to 108 inch
• Drains range from 12 inch to 240 x 186 inch
• 5 stormwater pump stations
• 4 sanitary pump stations
• 417 outfalls
• 46,376 manholes
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Boston Stormwater Management
• Total Maximum Daily Load (2007)– Phosphorus: Upper & Middle/Lower Charles River
• Consent Decree (2012)– Update Stormwater Model
– Create BMP Implementation Plan
– Implement 3 Pilot Green Infrastructure/Low Impact Development (“GI/LID”) Projects
• Central Square, Audubon Circle, City Hall Plaza
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Extensive Planning to Understand Stormwater Pollution
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Extensive Open Space
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GI/LID Obstacles in Boston
Commission does not own land for GI/LID
• Need to work with other agencies and entities
– Department of Public Works
– Department of Transportation
– Boston Parks and Recreation Department
– Boston Public Schools
– Boston Redevelopment Authority
• Need to work with private property owners
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• Central Square – East Boston
• Audubon Circle
• City Hall Plaza
• 5 Boston Public Schools
• Daisy Field Conceptual Exercise
• Three Tributary Areas – Canterbury Brook, Lower Stony Brook, North Beacon
BWSC GI/LID Projects
Audubon Circle
BPS Kennedy Health Careers Academy GI/LID Improvements
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Central Square
Tree trenches with porous pavers
Porous asphalt for parking and porous concrete for sidewalks over infiltration trenches
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• Washington Irving Middle School
• Rafael Hernandez K-8 School
• Ellis Elementary School
• Jackson/Horace Mann K-8 School
• Kennedy Health Careers Academy
5 Boston Public Schools
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Daisy Field
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Three Tributary Areas
North Beacon Street
Lower Stony Brook
Canterbury Brook
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The Future
• Complete demonstration projects
• Establish 25 year BMP implementation Plan
• Complete feasibility of Stormwater Fee Study
• Review three tributary area study results
• Work with Parks and Public Works to establish schedule for GI during their CIP (20 year schedule)
• Learn from other cities success/failure and adjust program
• Implement reasonable maintenance procedures
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