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Brain… The Final Frontier…
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Lets go on a “Fantastic Voyage”
Blood FlowMetabolism
Permeability
Receptor Binding
Gene Expression
Neurotransmission
Transmitter Synthesis
Reuptake
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With PET we can image at the site of “thinking”
15O-[H2O]18F-FDG
15O-[H2O]
11C-raclopride
(18)F-FBAU
11C-raclopride, etc
18F-FDOPA
11C-CFT
Dopaminergic synapse
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OK.So what’s the problem?
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What’s all this about models in PET?
Bound raclopride
Free raclopride
Plasma raclopride
‘stuck’ raclopride
Dopaminergic synapse
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How can we tell which radioactivity comes from
Free tracerBound tracer
Plasma-borne tracer?
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Tracer in each state has a unique temporal trajectory
Time (minutes)
trac
er c
onc
entr
atio
n
Plasma
Free
Bound
What the PET scanner sees
which is which ?
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Divining the shape of each curve depends on kinetic modeling of
the data.
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The modeling process
(b)
P F B
N
(c)
... )( )(
...( )(
... )()()(
5
'max
21
tFkdt
tdN
Bkdt
tdB
tFktPKdt
tdF
on
(d)
(a)
Imagine a living brain
Consider the relevant neurochemistry
Abstract the neurochemistry into a series of connected pools
Describe exchange between pools by a series of differential equations
Morris, E.D., C.J. Endres, K. Schmidt, B.T. Christian, R.F. Muzic, R.E. Fisher. Kinetic Modeling in PET. In Emission Tomography: The Fundamentals of PET and SPECT, ed. M. Wernick and N. Aarsvold. Academic Press. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2004, pp. 499-540.
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The modeling process
(b)
P F B
N
(c)
... )( )(
...( )(
... )()()(
5
'max
21
tFkdt
tdN
Bkdt
tdB
tFktPKdt
tdF
on
(d)
(a)