Download - Branchial Apparatus
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The branchial apparatus consists of five branchial arches, four branchialgrooves, four branchial pouches developing at the region of pharynx. It
constitutes to the development of head and neck.
The arch no. 5 degenerates. So, we have 1,2,3,4 and 6 arches.
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Arch Main nerve Small nerve
Maxillary process Maxillary nerve -------------------
Mandibular
process
Mandibular nerve Chorda tympani of
facial nerve
2nd arch Facial nerve (7th ) Tympanic branch of
glossopharyngealnerve
3rd arch Glossopharyngeal
nerve (9th )
Internal laryngeal
4th arch External laryngeal
nerve (11th )
--------------------
6th arch Recurrent laryngeal
nerve (11th )
--------------------
Nerve supply of the arches
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Arch Skeletal structures
Maxillary
process
*Squamus part of temporal bone
*zygomatic bone *Palatine bone
*Maxilla
Mandibular
process
(Mickelscartilage)
*Dorsal part------ Malleus +Incus
*Middle part----- Anterior ligament of malleus+
Sphenomandibular ligament*Ventral part---- Disappears (mandible devalops around it )
2nd arch
(Reichertscartilage)
*Dorsal part------ Stapes + Styloid process
*Middle part----- Stylohiod ligament*Ventral part----- Upper part of body of hyoid + lesser
cornu of hyoid bone
3rd arch *Greater cornu + lower part of hyoid bone
*Upper part of epiglottis
4th arch *Upper part of thyroid cartilage
*Lower part of epiglottis
6th arch *Lower part of thyroid cartilage
*Cricoid+ Arytenoid+ Corniculate+ cuneiform cartilage
I Mesodermal Derivatives
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Arch Muscles
Maxillary process No
Mandibular process
(Mickels cartilage)
*Four Muscles Of mastication
*Tensor palati *Tensor tympeni
*Mylohyoid *Anterior belly of digastric
2nd arch
(Reichertscartilage)
*Muscles of face, scalp and auricle
*Posterior belly of digastric*Stapedius *Stylohyoid
Platysma
3rd
arch *Stylopharyngeus4th arch *Cricothyroid
*Conistrictors of pharynx*Levator palati
6th arch *Intrinsic muscles of Larynx except cricothyroidmuscle
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Arch or Pouch Derivatives
1st Pouch *Middle ear and mastoid antrum
*Auditory tube and inner layer of tympanicmembrane
2nd Pouch *Palatine tonsil
3rd Pouch *Inferior parathyroid gland (Dorsal portion)*Thymus gland ( Ventral portion)
4th Pouch *Superior parathyroid gland ( Dorsal portion)*Ultimobranchial Body (Ventral portion)
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Arch Derivatives
1st Arch *Epidermis of the skin covering the mandible and
maxilla, lower lip and lateral part of upper lip
*Enamel of teeth*Tragus of the ear
1st Cleft *External auditory meatus
*Outer layer of tympanic membrane
Second Arch The caudal growth of the second arch Operculum Epidermis of the skin of the side of the neck
3rd ,4th and 6th
Arches
They lie at the bottom of the cervical sinus and leave
no traces
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1-External cervical sinus:
Due to failure of obliteration of the cervical sinus.
2-Internal cervical sinus:
It open into the oropharynx.
3-Branchial cyst:
Due to closure of the external opening leaving a
space in the neck as a painless cyst.
4-Branchial fistula:
A connection between the normal sinus and
oropharynx forming a canal passing between the
external and internal carotid arteries.
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Prof.: Dr. Wafaa Abdel-Rahman