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Breaking the trap: CGIAR experiences in resilience research
Alain Vidal Resilience 2014, Montpellier
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Resilience, cattle and termites
S
S Water depletion, grazing pressure, loss of soil organic matter
Manure applied through night corralling provides a preferred diet for the termites
Wet Season: Dry matter 4.5 T/ha 9 species / m²
Wet Season: Dry matter 0 T/ha 0 species / m²
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CPWF’s resilience lens • Facing situations where social-ecological systems trapped on
undesirable low-productive pathways
• Research cannot halt the factors contributing to agricultural land degradation (climate change, population growth, and migration)
• CPWF refocused on increasing the resilience of social and ecological systems through better water management for food production
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Regime shifts - moving upwards while preventing falling over the edge
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BSMs in the Andes trigger change between alternate resilient states
S
Annual net income: US$ 2,183/ha
Annual net income: US$ 1,870/ha
Conservation agriculture and paramo restoration supported by revolving fund
Farmers‘ insufficient gain and risk aversion: only 11% converted
Revolving fund credit: +180 farmers /year
Potato cropping, grazing pressure, degradation of paramo
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Goats markets in Zimbabwe improve farmers’ resilience
S
S Recurrent droughts, increasing climate variability, poor connection to markets
Improved livestock: US$ 50 per goat Goat mortality down to 10%
Rainfed maize cropping: US$16/ha Livestock: US$10 per goat
Local markets Producers self-esteem Improved rangeland production replacing US$15 / goat of stock feed value
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Fair enough but…
How about traps ?
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Resilience traps identified by CPWF
• Risk traps
High risk situations (eg drought, health risk, financial collapse) reduce internal incentives to invest in the system
• Consumption/production traps
Rate of bio-resources consumption too close to the production rate
Resource mining
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Resilience traps identified by CPWF
• Variability traps
Small investments do take place but variability (eg climate) and resulting losses of capital limit development changes
• Resource access traps
Despite high productivity farmers have too small land lots which results in a cap of revenues
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Resilience traps identified by CPWF
• Policy traps
Disenabling policies and lack of transparency prevents markets and resources being used effectively
• Cultural traps
Mindsets prevent change, eg “food security means production not income”
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Concluding questions
• Are we ready to test how resilience thinking could help stop digging and identify pathways to sustainable intensification?
• Has anyone been successful using a ‘resilience lens’ to get an ecosystem and/or a poor community out of any of these traps?