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Biosecurity
Protection from exposure todisease
What? Why?
How?
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Biosecurity
A set of management practices whichwhen followed correctly reduce thepotential for the introduction andspread of disease causing organismsonto, and between sites.
q From the perspective of the birdrather than just the farm
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Biosecurity
Three Key Levels of Biosecurity
q Conceptual Biosecurity
q Structural Biosecurity
qOperational Biosecurity
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Biosecurity
Conceptual Biosecurity
q Involves Site planning
q Location e.g proximity to otherfarms, transport etc.
q Almost impossible to change once
committed without very high cost
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Biosecurity
Structural Biosecurity
q Concerns the design of the farm and
buildings.
q Includes house design (easy to
clean), site layout and security.
q Expensive to change once built.
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Biosecurity
Operational Biosecurity
qThe points involved with day to day
running of the site.q Includes routine disinfection, control
of visitors, source of stock etc.
q
Can be modified at low costaccording to requirements
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Disease transmission
qDifferent disease causing agentsrequire differing priorities in relationto biosecurity
qThere is a direct relationshipbetween where the agent multipliesin the bird and its mode of
transmission from one bird toanother, or from one site to another
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Disease transmission:Respiratory diseases
q high concentrations in therespiratory tract
q+++ mucus
q sneezing and coughingq aerosols
q e.g. ND, IB, AI, TRT, mycoplasma
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Disease transmission:Enteric (gut) diseases
qDiarrhoea
q spread via droppings
q e.g. salmonella, campylobacter,coccidiosis, viruses
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Disease transmission:Vertical transmission
q from breeders
q infection via air sac or oviduct
q egg contamination
q egg transmission
q e.g. mycoplasma, salmonella
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Disease transmission:Site contamination
q persistent, resistant organisms
q contaminate litter, equipment,
environment
q e.g. ILT, Gumboro, Mareks, CAV,
many bacteria
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Breeder Farm andHatchery
q Breeding Stock
q Breeding Farm
q Egg collection
q Farm egg storage
q Egg Transport
qThe Hatchery
q Chick delivery
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Biosecurity - why?
1. To keep lethal, highly contagiousdiseases out of premises e.g.Newcastle disease (Fowl Pest), avianinfluenza, or acute Gumboro disease
2. To reduce challenge by commonpathogens known to reduceproductivity such as E.coli and
coccidiosis
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Biosecurity - why?
3. To reduce or eliminate, backgroundimmunosuppressive agents such asMareks disease, chicken anaemia orGumboro disease, which leave birdssusceptible to other diseaseorganisms
4. To reduce contamination with
agents of public health significance,such as salmonella or campylobacter
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Methods of spread
1. Vermin e.g. salmonella, pasteurella
2. Feed e.g. salmonella, some NDstrains
3. Wild birds e.g. mycoplasmas, ND,avian influenza, ?IB, ?TRT, bacteria,worms
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Methods of spread
4. Water e.g. E. coli, salmonella,campylobacter
5. Hatchery e.g. salmonella,
aspergillus, enterococcus,pseudomonas, mycoplasmas
6. Windborne e.g. IB, ND, TRT, ?mycoplasmas
7. Faecal e.g. Gumboro, ND,salmonella, mycoplasma, viruses
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Control Areas -Inanimate
1. locate away from other poultry (>5miles)
2. avoid waterways, ponds or lakes
3. avoid putting birds on range4. avoid major roads
5. remove litter from farm
6. concrete around houses7. avoid standing water
8. use potable drinking water with lowTVC
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Control areas - People
q limit staff movements
q avoid visitors
q control site traffic
q spray vehicles
q adequate protective clothing
q BOOTS
q hand washingq ?showers
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Control areas - poultry
qObtain stock from high health statussources.
q Carry out regular health monitoring
and auditsq Carry out daily and proper disposal
of deaths / culls.
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Control areas - sitedecontamination
qEffective cleaning anddisinfection
q
adequate turnaround timeqinclude houses, aprons,equipment
quse a closed water systemqcarry out water sanitisation
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Control areas - sitedecontamination
qUse a total feed system
qcarry out regular vermin
controlqaudit efficacy
quse only products with
proven broad spectrumefficacy
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Disease Control
Freedom from Disease =Maximum Profits
Hygiene and Biosecurity =
The most cost effective method
of disease control
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STATIC VECTORS
qHousingqEquipment
qOrganic WasteqFeed SystemqWater SystemqBuilding Surrounds
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MOBILE VECTORS
qLivestockqHumansq
RodentsqOther AnimalsqEquipmentq
TransportqOrganic WasteqAir Borne
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NUTRIENT VECTORS
q Food
qWater
q (Bedding)
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TYPES OF DISINFECTION
qTerminal
q Continuous
q (Production Breaks)
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STAGE 1REMOVAL & DRY CLEAN
q Remove stock
q Equipment
q Bedding
qGross organic waste
qDust
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STAGE 2CLEANING &
SANITISATIONq Reducing infective material
q Removal of dried on matter
qUse a Detergent / Sanitiser
q Allow to dry afterwards
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STAGE 3AWATER SYSTEMS
qDrainable
Drain
Clean
Disinfect Flush
qNon-Drainable
Clean Sanitise
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STAGE 3BREMOVABLE EQUIPMENT
q Soak
q Scrub / Pressure Wash
qDetergent Sanitizer
qDisinfect
qDry
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STAGE 4DISINFECTION
qTo remove residual challenge
qUse broad spectrum disinfectant
q Cover all surfaces
q Cover all cracks & crevices
q Allow to dry.
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STAGE 5AERIAL DISINFECTION
q Covers inaccessible areas
q Replace movable equipment first.
q Can be done after bedding is spread.q Fog / Fumigate
q Safety required with formaqldehyde.
q Rest period
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CONTINUOUSDISINFECTION
q Control Access
q Foot & Wheel Dips
qWater Sanitization
q Aerial Disinfection
q Rodent Control
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Operational Biosecurity
q Control/restriction of Visitors
q Strict use of Protective clothing
q Hand Washing
q Footdips etc
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Egg collection
qTreat with Care at allstages
qHand washingqEgg sanitising
q
Disinfection and cleaningof egg store
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Egg Transport
qHatchery shoulddispatch a clean and
disinfected vehicleqDriver to observe farmhygiene regulations
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Hatchery Biosecurity
qStaff training and supervision
qDefined working areas
Clean and DirtyqClearly defined routines andfrequencies.
qHygiene of personnelqSite security
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Chick Delivery
qChick boxdisinfection
qTransportHygiene
qFarm Regulations
qDisinfection ofreturning vehicle
and crates
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Chick Delivery
qChick box disinfection
qTransport Hygiene
qFarm Regulations
qDisinfection of
returning vehicle andcrates
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Conclusion
qConsider the operation asa whole
qTrained OperativesqMonitoring overall results
q
Routine HatcheryMonitoring
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The Result
Freedom from
Disease =Maximum
Profits
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