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Bridge Widening IssuesBridge Widening Issues
Bridge Division Bridge Division AlannaAlanna BettisBettis, P.E., P.E.
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Steps to Consider when Widening
• Existing Plans and Structural Adequacy• Substructure• Superstructure• Bridge Railings• Safety• Specific Bridge Sections
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Existing Plans and Structural Adequacy
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Existing Plans
• Widen with Same Superstructure• Design Manual Examples• Modifications to Beam Standards• End Conditions
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Structural Adequacy
• Condition Survey• Load Rating• Analyze the Existing Substructure
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Consider Widening to One Side
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Substructure Considerations
• Abutments• Bents• Bearing Seats• Foundations
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Abutment and Bent Design
Model of Completed Cap
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Abutments Back Walls
• Match Location• Match Width• Match Face
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Abutment Connections
• Extend Reinforcing
• Break Back Foundations
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Abutment Connections
Dowel Connection• 4 ~ No. 6 or No. 9 bars • Extend 1’-6” into both zones• DO NOT USE 1-¼” DIA
SMOOTH DOWELS• Slope Dowels
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Separate Bents
• Single Column Lacks Redundancy
• Room for Forms
• Separate Caps for Large Widenings
• Vehicular Protection
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Connected Bents
• Small Widenings• Match Cap Width
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Connected Bents
• Beam Depth• Match Cap
Width
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Bent Connections
Dowel Connection• 4 ~ No. 6 or No. 9 bars • Extend 1’-6” into Both
Zones• DO NOT USE 1 ¼” DIA
SMOOTH DOWELS• Slope Dowels
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Abutment and Bent Cap ConnectionsOther Connection Types
• Welded Splice Connection– 7” Projection (Single)
• Mechanical Couplers– 12” Projection (Desired)
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Abutment and Bent Cap Details
• End Conditions– Fixed/Expansion– Diaphragms– Earwalls– Shear Keys
• Match Joint Type
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Bearing Seats
• Lower Bearing Seats• Match Existing Profile
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Foundations
• Boring Logs• Locate Existing Foundations
and Utilities• Same Foundation System• Headroom
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Superstructure Considerations
• Slab• Beams• Vertical Clearance• Longitudinal Joints
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Slab
• Prefer Lap Existing Bars
• Prefer 12 foot Lanes
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Slab Re-DeckingTo Consider on a Re-decking:• Changes in Slab Thickness • Make New Deck Composite to Existing Beams
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Vertical Clearance
• MUST Calculate for Lower Roadways
• Beam Depth
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Longitudinal Joint Locations
Possible PCPPossible PCP
WidenedWidened ExistingExisting
Const JointConst Joint
Maintain Traffic Flowand Structural Integrity
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Bridge Railing
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Bridge Railing Manual
Summary from Page 3-3
“…it is Texas policy to bring all bridge railing to current standards on bridges that are being widened…”
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Important Note: Update Rail on Both Sides
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Safety
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Safety Barriers
• Vehicular Safety• Worker Safety• Concrete Barrier• Steel Rail• Analyze Existing
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Safety Barriers
• Common Shape CSB• Replaces the CTB Shape• Pin CSB
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Safety Barriers
• T6 or T101 Rail– Less Edge Distance– Bolted Through Slab
T101 Rail
T6 Rail
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Specific Bridge Sections
• Pan Girders• Slab Span Bridges• Farm System (FS) Slabs
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Pan Girders: Widen with Pan Form
Methods• Break back and
Extend• Widen and
Remove• Pie Shape
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Pan Girders: Break Back and Extend
• Break back Overhang
• Extend Existing Steel
• Roughen Concrete
• Dowel at Ends
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Pan Girders: Widen and Remove
• Dowel • Cast New
Pan Form• Remove
Curb
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Pan Girders: Pie Shape
• Old CGC Style• Remove Curb
and Top of CGC• Cast New Pan
Form
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Pan Girders: Widen with Box Beams
• Vertical Clearance Issues
• Dowel and Widen• Roughen Exist• CIP Shear Key
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Pan Girders: Widen with Double Tees
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Farm System (FS) Slabs
FS Standard Detail (March 1947)
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Slab Span Bridges
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Slab Span Bridges
Dowel and Cast New Slab
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Slab Span Bridges
Cut Curb
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Questions?Questions?
AlannaAlanna BettisBettis, P.E. , P.E. (512) 416(512) 416--23162316