Department of Zoology
1
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE FOR GIRLS (AUTONOMOUS)
B.Sc Zoology
Semester I
Paper I: Animal Diversity I
Paper Code : ZOL 101 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNITS TOPICS Teaching
Hours UNIT
I
General principles of taxonomy
• Binomial nomenclature
• Trinomial nomenclature
• Rules of nomenclature
• Concept of Five kingdom
• Basis of Classification
8
UNIT II Salient features and classification of Invertebrates upto
Class level
(Type study –Habit, Habitat & Salient features)
Phylum Protozoa:
• Type study – Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium
(Locomotion, Nutrition and
Reproduction)
Economic Importance
12
UNIT III Phylum Porifera:
• Type study- Sycon
• Canal system of Sponges
• Skeletal system
• Economic Importance
7
UNIT
IV
Phylum Coelenterata
• Type study – Obelia
• Polymorphism
• Coral reefs
9
UNIT V Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Type study- Taenia
Phylum Nemathelminthes
• Type study- Ascaris
Parasitic adaptations of Helminthes
9
Total Teaching Hours 45
Department of Zoology
2
Suggested Reading:
� Textbook of Zoology; Shivpuri, Jacob, D. and Vyas. D.K.; Ramesh Book
Depot.
� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology I; Sandhu, G.S; Campus Books.
� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology II; Sandhu, G.S ; Campus Books.
Modern Textbook of Zoology Invertebrates; Kotpal; Rastogi Publications.
� Invertebrate Zoology; Barns, R. D; W. B. Saunders Co.
� Invertebrate Zoology; Parker & Haswell..
Department of Zoology
3
Paper II: Cell Biology& Genetics -I
Paper Code : ZOL 102 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNITS TOPICS Teaching
Hours UNIT I • Diversity of Cell Size & shape
• Cell theory
• Structure of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells
• Microscopic technique for study of cells:-
• Magnification , resolving power
• Principals of microscopy:
Light Microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy
Fluorescence Microscopy
Interference Microscopy
Electron Microscopy (SEM & TEM)
• Cell fractionation & Centrifugation
11
UNIT II Cell organelles, their structure, composition & function
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi complex
• Ribosome : structure & functions
• Lysosomes: Function & intracellular
digestion
• Mitochondria: Organization &function,
Oxidative phosphorylation and biogenesis
• Peroxisomes & Glyoxisomes
• Centrioles & Microtubules: cilia & flagella
12
UNIT
III • Membrane models, Permeability, Membrane
transport of small molecules & the ionic
basis of membrane excitability
• Cell cycle( S, G1,G2,M phase)
• Mitosis: Phases & process of mitosis,
structure & function of spindle apparatus
• Meiosis: Phases & Process of meiosis
• Cytology of Cancer
8
Department of Zoology
4
Suggested Reading:
� Cell Biology and Genetics; Kohli, K.S;Ramesh Book Depot
� Cell Biology; Powar, C.B; Himalayan publishing House.
� A Textbook of Genetics; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath & Kedarnath.
� Genetics; Winchester, A.M; Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
� Cell and Molecular Biology; De Robertis and De Robertis; Saunders
College.
� Genetics; Strickberger; Macmillan, Prentice Hall of India.
� Principles of Genetics; Gardener, E,J; Wiley eastern, New Delhi.
� Cell and Molecular Biology;Gerald Karp;John Wiley and Sons,inc
� Molecular Biology of the cell; Bruce Alberts, Julian Lewis, James
D.Watson; Garland Publishings
UNIT
IV • Mendelian inheritance patterns & laws of
heredity
• Co and incomplete dominance
• Interactions of Genes- Supplementary,
Complementary, Duplicate,
Epistasis(dominant & recessive)
• Multiple alleles-Coat colour in rabbit,
Human blood group-ABO & Rh
• Gene expression- Lethal genes, Pleiotropic
genes
• Multiple genes- Seed coat in wheat, skin
colour in human
8
UNIT V
Linkage & linkage maps
Crossing over- Mechanism, theories, Cytological detection &
significance
Cytoplasmic inheritance
6
Total Teaching Hours 45
Department of Zoology
5
Paper-III : PRACTICAL
Paper Code : ZOL 103 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 2 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 4 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 60
Animal Diversity I
Culture methods:Study of Paramecium in culture
Study of museum specimens and slides:
• Protozoa :Paramecium(WM), Binary fission, Conjugation, Entamoeba,
Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Monocystis, Opalina, Vorticella, Balantidium,
Nyctotherus, Elphidium, Euglena
• Porifera: Sycon L.S & T.S, Sponge spicules,Sponge gemmules,Spongin
fibres
Leucosolenia, Euplectella, Spongilla
• Coelentrata: Hydra, Obelia(polyp & medusa), Aurelia, Sea anemone,
Gorgonia, Physalia, Vellela, Alcyonium, Madrepora, Millepora, Pennatula
• Platyhelminthes: Fasciola, Larval forms- Miracidium, Sporocyst, Redia,
Cercaria, Metacercaria, Taenia, Cysticercus larva, Planaria, Taenia--
Scolex, Gravid proglottid
• Aschelminthes: Ascaris(Male & Female), Dracunculus, Wuchereria
Cell Biology
Principle & working of
• Dissecting microscope
• Compound microscope
Fixation and staining
• Fixatives:- Carnoys, Bouins, formalin
• Stains:- Acetocarmine, Acetorcein, Eosin,
Haematoxylin
• Double & Single staining
• Staining of Euglena,Hydra,Obelia,Foraminiferous
shell,Sponge spicules,Sponge gemmules,Spongin fibres
Cytometry
Principle & working of Centrifuge (Only Demonstration)
Mitosis- Onion root tip / Chironomous Larva
Meiosis- Grasshopper testis
Drosophila culture
Recommended Labs Books: � Practical Zoology Invertribrates , S.S. Lal, Rastogi Publications.
� Practical Zoology Invertribrates , P.S.Verma, Rastogi Publications.
� Essential techniques in cell biology : Shah-Chinoy, Anada Book
Depot.
Department of Zoology
6
SEMESTER II
Paper I:Animal Diversity- II
Paper Code : ZOL 201 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNIT TOPICS Teaching
hours
UNIT I Salient features & classification of the Invertebrates upto
Class level
(Type study- Habit, Habitat & Salient features)
Phylum Annelida
• Type study: Earthworm
• Metamerism
• Vermiculture
9
UNIT
II
Phylum Arthropoda
• Type study: Prawn
• Social life in Insects
• Metamorphosis
• Sericulture
• Lac culture
• Apiculture
• Prawn culture
12
UNIT
III
Phylum Mollusca
• Type study: Pila
• Respiration
• Torsion
• Pearl culture
9
UNIT
IV
Phylum Echinodermata
• Type study: Starfish
• Water vascular system
6
UNIT
V
Larval forms of Invertebrates (Parasitic & Free living
forms)
9
Suggested Readings:
� Invertebrate Zoology; Barns, R. D; W. B. Saunders Co.
� Textbook of Zoology; Shivapuri, Jacob, D. and Vyas, D.K.; Ramesh Book
Depot.
� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology I; Sandhu, G.S and Bhaskar, H; Campus
Books.
� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology II; Sandhu, G.S and Bhaskar, H; Campus
Books.
� Modern textbook of Zoology-Invertebrates; Kotpal; Rastogi Publications
Department of Zoology
7
Paper II: Molecular Biology & Genetics-II
Paper Code : ZOL 202 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNITS TOPICS Teaching
Hours
UNIT I • Nuclear Organization:
• Structure & function of nuclear envelope, nuclear matrix
and nucleolus
• Chromosomes: Morphology, Chromonema,
Chromomeres, telomeres, Primary & secondary
constrictions, Chromatids
• Chromosome type- Polytene & Lampbrush
• Chromosomal Organization: euchromatin,
Heterochromatin , folded fibre model & nucleosome
concept
9
UNIT
II • DNA structure(A, B, Z type)
• Experiments of Messelson & Stahl
• Replication(Semiconservative mechanism)
• Elementary idea about Polymerases,Topoisomerases,
Single stranded binding protein, Replication
forks(Unidirectional & Bidirectional), Leading & lagging
strand, RNA primers & Okazaki fragments,
7
UNIT
III • RNA structure & types( mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, siRNA)and
Transcription(Idea about Polymerases, Exons & Introns)
• Genetic code &Translation –Triplet code, Protein
synthesis
• Gene splicing and Gene sequencing
10
UNIT
IV • Determination of Sex – Chromosomal mechanism &
environmental influence, the sexual function of X &Y
chromosome, Gyandromorphs, Intersexes & Supersexes in
Drosophila, Non disjunction in man
• Sex linked inheritance in man & Drosophila, Y linked
genes, Sex limited genes, Sex influenced genes
10
UNIT
V
• Mutations- Chromosomal aberrations, Gene mutations
• Human genetics- Chromosomal & single gene disorder,
Genetics counselling, Amniocentosis
• Human betterment- Eugenics & Euthenics
9
Total Teaching Hours 45
Department of Zoology
8
Suggested Reading:
� Cell Biology and Genetics; Kohli, K.S. ;
Genetics; Winchester, A. M.; Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
� Cell and Molecular Biology; De Robertis and De Robertis; Saunders
College.
� Genetics; Strickberger W. M.; Prentice Hall of India.
� Cell Biology; Powar, C.B; Himalayan Publishing House.
� Principles of Genetics; Gardener, E. J.;Wiley eastern, New Delhi.
� A Textbook of Genetics; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath and Kedarnath
� Cell and Molecular Biology; De Robertis and De Robertis; Saunders
College.
� Molecular Biology of the gene; Watson, J.D; Benzamin/ Cummings.
� Biochemistry; Voet &Voet; John Wiley & Sons.
� Practical Manuals
Department of Zoology
9
Paper-III: PRACTICAL
Paper Code : ZOL 203 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 2 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 4 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 60
Animal Diversity II Study of museum specimens and slides:
Phylum Annelida-Nereis, Heteronereis-parapodia, Earthworm, Leech
Dissection: Earthworm- Anatomy, Digestive, Nervous System
Permanent mount: Septal nephridia, Ovary,Nerve ring.
Phylum Arthropoda: Daphnia, Cyclops, Pediculus,Bedbug,
Butterfly,Scorpion,KingCrab,Crab,Eupagurus,Tribolium,
Lepas,Balanus,Millipede,Termite,Centipede,Spider,Praying-mantis,Peripatus
Dissection: Prawn-General anatomy,Appendages,Nervous &Digestive system
Permanent mount: Hastate plate, Statocyst
Phylum-Mollusca: Chiton, Unio, Dentalium, Nautilus, Loligo, Octopus, Sepia
Dissection: Pila-General anatomy,Nervous system,
Permanent mount-Radula, Gills, Osphradium
Phylum Echinodermata: Echinus, Starfish, Cucumaria, Antedon
Molecular Biology& Genetics Study of slide on chromosome aberrations.
Study of Drosophila life cycle & idea about its culture
Identification of Male & Female Drosophila
Identification of Wild & mutant (Yellow body, Ebony, Vestigial wings, White eye) of
Drosophila
Study of permanent prepared slide - Sex comb, Salivary gland chromosomes
Identification of Blood groups(A,B, O & Rh factor)
Isolation of DNA from Rat hepatocytes
Laboratory Books Recommended:
� Practical Zoology invertebrates S.S.Lal , Rastogi Publication
� Manual of practical zoology invertebrates: P.S.Verma
� Laboratory manual in biology : S.C. Maheshwari , Arya Books Depot.
� Practical zoology : Bhatia- Kohli
Department of Zoology
10
SEMESTER III
Paper I:ANIMAL DIVERSITY III
Paper Code : ZOL 301 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNIT TOPICS Teaching
hours
UNIT
I
Origin and Evolution of Chordates
Protochordates:-
• Classification upto orders
• General characteristics
• Type study-
Balanoglossus:Tornaria larva
Ascidia: Retrogressive metamorphosis
Amphioxus
11
UNIT II Agnatha:-
• Classification upto orders
• General characteristics
• Type study-Petromyzon
• Ammocoete larva
9
UNIT
III
Gnathostomata
• Classification upto orders
• Origin & evolution(Brief account)
• General characteristics
• Ostracoderms( a brief description)
• Type study- Scoliodon
• Difference between Osteichthyes &
Chondrichthyes
• Dipnoi
• Adaptive radiation in Fishes
Economic importance
7
UNIT
IV
Amphibia
• Classification upto orders
• General characteristics
• Neoteny
• Adaptive radiation in Amphibia
10
Department of Zoology
11
Suggested Readings:
� The life of Vertebrates; Young, O.Z.; Oxford University Press, Oxford.
� Colbert’s evolution of the vertebrates; Colbert, E.H; John Wiley & Sons
� Text book of Chordate Zoology vol. II ; Sandhu, G.S. and Sandhu, G.S;
Campus Books.
� Modern text book of Zoology-Vertebrates; Kotpal, Rastogi Publication.
� Vertebrate Zoology; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath & Kedarnath.
Reptilia
• Classification upto orders
• General characteristics
• Poisonous & Non-poisonous snakes
• Poison apparatus
UNIT V
Aves
• Classification upto orders
• General characteristics
• Feather and its Development
• Flight adaptation
• Perching mechanism
Mammals
• Classification upto orders
• General characteristics
• Dentition in mammals
• Hair and its development
• Reproduction
8
Total Teaching Hours 45
Department of Zoology
12
PAPER II: BIOCHEMISTRY
Paper Code : ZOL 302 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNITS TOPICS Teaching
Hours
UNIT
I
Carbohydrates
• Classification, Structure & Clinical significance
• Metabolism- Oxidation of glucose through
glycolysis, Kreb cycle & oxidative
phosphorylation
• Interconversion of glycogen and glucose in liver
Proteins-
• Classification & structural properties
• Amino acids & peptides- Properties & structure
• Metabolism- Transformation of amino acids,
Deamination, Transamination, Decarboxylation,
Synthesis of Urea(Ornithine cycle)
10
UNIT
II
Lipids
• Classification, structure & clinical significance
• Metabolism- Beta-oxidative pathway of fatty acids
• Biosynthesis of Triglycerides
Vitamins
• Fat soluble & Water soluble vitamins
10
UNIT
III
Proteins-
• Classification & structural properties
• Amino acids & peptides- Properties & structure
Metabolism- Transformation of amino acids,
Deamination, Transamination, Decarboxylation,
Synthesis of Urea(Ornithine cycle)
10
UNIT
IV • Bioenergetics
• pH andBuffers
Enzymes
• Classification & Kinetics
9
UNIT
V
Separation &Analytical techniques (Brief account)
• Centrifugation, Chromatography, Electrophoresis,
Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry & pH meter
6
Department of Zoology
13
Suggested Reading:
� Text Book of Biochemistry;Lehninger
� Outlines of Biochemistry; Conn, E.E. and Stumpf, P.K ; John Wiley, New
York.
� Principles of Biochemistry; Smith et.al.; Mc Graw Hill, New York.
� Biochemistry; Stryer, L; Freeman Publications.
� Textbook of Medical Biochemistry; Ramakrishnan, S. Prasanan, K.G and
Rajan, R; Orient Longman, Madras
Department of Zoology
14
Paper- III: PRACTICAL
Paper Code : ZOL 303 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 2 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 4 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 60
Animal Diversity III
Study of museum specimens and slides:
Hemichordata: Balanoglossus
Urochordate: Herdmania, Ascidia, Botryllus, Salpa, Doliolum, Pyrosoma
Cephalochordata: Amphioxus
Cyclostomata: Petromyzon, Myxine, Ammocoete larva
Pisces: Scoliodon, Labeo, Echeneis, Zygaena(Sphyrna), Torpedo, Chimaera,
Acipensor, Amia, Lepidosteus, Clarias, Anguilla, Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Any
flat fish, Protopterus
Dissection: Scoliodon—Cranial nerves; Afferent & efferent blood vessels, Eye
muscles, Internal ear
Permanent mount—Ampulla of Lorenzini, Placoid scales(Scoliodon)
Amphibia: Ichthyophis, Proteus, Ambystoma, Axolotl larva, Siren, Alytes, Hyla,
Frog
Reptiles: Testudo, Chelone, Fresh water tortoise, Sphenodon, Hemidactylus,
Phrynosoma, Draco, Chameleon, Eryx, Hydrophis, Naja, Viper, Bungarus,
Crocodylus, Alligator, Gharial
Aves: Archaeopteryx, Running bird (Ostrich, Kiwi &Penguin), Pavo,
Choriotis(Great Indian bustard), Passer, Crow, Owl, Migratory bird(Siberian
crane)
Parrot, Pigeon
Mammals: Ornithorhynchus, Tachyglossus, Didelphys, Macropus(Kangaroo), Bat,
Loris, Scalyanteater (Manis), Dolphin, Whale, Seal, Rhesus,
Study of Experimental animals-- Rabbit, Mice, Rat, Guinea pig
Department of Zoology
15
Biochemistry
� Preparation of Normal, Molar, Buffer solutions & pH adjustments
� Principles of Photometry
� Quantitative analysis of cholesterol using colorimeter
� Separation of Dyes & Amino Acid by circular paper chromatography
method
� Detection of lipids, proteins & Carbohydrates in an animal tissue
� Identification of different kinds of mono, di & polysaccharides in the given
sample
� Analysis of enzymatic activity
• Liver Catalase
• Salivary amylase
Laboratory Books Recommended:
� Practical Zoology vertebrates S.S.Lal , Rastogi Publication
� Manual of practical zoology vertebrates: P.S.Verma
� Laboratory manual in biology : S.C. Maheshwari , Arya Books Depot.
� Practical zoology : Bhatia- Kohli
Department of Zoology
16
SEMESTER IV
PAPER I: GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
Paper Code : ZOL 401 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNITS TOPICS Teaching
Hours
UNIT
I
Nutrition
• Food constituents-Proteins,Carbohydrates,lipids,
Vitamins & Minerals
• Enzymes & Digestion
• Absorption
• Basal Metabolic Rate
9
UNIT
II
Circulation
• Composition & Function of Blood and lymph
• Coagulation, Haemopoises
• Mammalian heart , Cardiac cycle, Conduction
and regulation of Heart beat, E.C.G
6
UNIT
III
Respiration
• Mechanism & control of Breathing
• Respiratory quotient
• Respiratory exchange in tissues
Carbon dioxide transport
Mechanism & regulation of respiration
Excretion
• Structure & Function of Kidney
• Mechanism of urine formation
• Hormonal regulation of water & electrolyte
balance
10
UNIT
IV
Nervous system
• Structure of neurons
• Transmission of nerve impulse
• Synapse physiology
• Reflex action & reflex arc
Muscular system
• Structure & types of muscle
• Mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction
10
Department of Zoology
17
UNIT
V
Endocrine System
• Endocrine glands and their Hormones
• Mechanism of Hormone action
• Reproductive cycles in Female
• Role of hormones in Reproduction, Pregnancy &
Lactation
10
Total Teaching Hours 45
Suggested Readings:
� A Textbook of Animal Physiology; Berry, A.K.; Emkay Publisher, Delhi
� Biochemistry and Endocrinology; Bhatia, A.L.; Indus valley Publication,
Jaipur
� Animal Physiology; Bhatia, A.L and Kohli, K.S; Ramesh Book Depot
,Jaipur
� Text Book of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student
addition.
� Text Book of Medical Physiology; Chatterjea, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee
brothers.
Department of Zoology
18
PAPER II:DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Paper Code : ZOL 402 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNIT TOPICS Teaching
hours
UNIT
I
• Baer’s Law, Germplasm theory
• Gametogenesis- Spermatogenesis &
Oogenesis, Vitellogenesis
9
UNIT
II • Fertilization- Sperm egg interactions-
Biochemical events, Post fertilization events,
Significance
• Parthenogenesis
• Types eggs, Planes and Patterns of cleavage,
Blastulation, Gastrulation
9
UNIT
III • Fate maps
• Extra embryonic membranes, types &
physiology of placenta
• Concept of Embryonic Induction
10
UNIT
IV • Organogenesis of Heart, Brain & sense
organs(Eyes)
• Regeneration in Vertebrates
• Apoptosis
10
UNIT
V • Ageing-Concepts & models
• Metamorphosis in Frog & Insects. Role of
Hormones in metamorphosis
• Tetratogenesis
• Stem Cells
7
Total Teaching Hours 45
Department of Zoology
19
Suggested Reading:
� An introduction to Embryology; Balinsky, B. I. ; W.B. Saunders, Delhi.
� Embryology; Berry, A.K; EM Kay Publications, New Delhi
� Fundamental elements of Embryology Jacob, D., Sharma, A. and
Nandchahal, K,Ramesh Book Depot, Jaipur
� Developmental biology, Gilbert, S.F.
� Elements of Chordate Embryology; Nair, P.K.G.
� Chordate Embryology; Agarwal, V.K.; S. Chand.
Department of Zoology
20
Paper- III: PRACTICAL
Paper Code : ZOL 403 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 2 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 4 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 60
Physiology � Haematology
• Estimation of Haemoglobin in the blood sample
• Estimation of Haematocrit in the blood sample
• Counting of Red & White blood cells in blood sample
• To study the Bleeding Time & Clotting time of blood
• Determination of Blood Pressure.
� Dissection to expose the endocrine glands of mice(Demonstration)
� Study of Estrous cycle of mice by vaginal smear preparation
� Histology of Tissues of Mammals: T.S of –Liver, intestine, stomach,
testis, ovary, lung, kidney, pancreas, skin, adrenal, Pituitary, thyroid
Developmental Biology
Live gametes under microscope (Sperm motility,Sperm structure,Sperm count&
their staining techniques)
Developmental stages of Frog
Metamorphic stage of Frog
Living Chick embryos( 18-21 hours, 24-28 hours, 30-36 hours, 42-48 hours, 72
&96 hours)
Window preparation in egg of Hen
Whole mount of Chick embryo stage
Developmental stages of Drosophila
Laboratory Books Recommended: � Practical Zoology vertebrates S.S.Lal , Rastogi Publication
� Manual of practical zoology vertebrates: P.S.Verma
� Laboratory manual in biology : S.C. Maheshwari , Arya Books Depot.
� Practical zoology : Bhatia- Kohli
� Standard methods of Biochemical Analysis
Department of Zoology
21
SEMESTER V
PAPER I: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Paper Code : ZOL 501 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNITS TOPICS Teaching
Hours
UNIT
I • Basic concepts in Genetic Engineering
Enzymology of Genetic engineering- Restriction
enzymes,DNA ligase,Polymerase
• Cloning vehicles-plasmids Cosmids, Lambda
phage & yeast plasmids
• Introduction of cloned genes into the host cells-
Transformation, Transduction, Particle gun,
Electroporation, Tranfection.
10
UNIT
II • Analysis & expression of cloned gene in host cell-,
Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Polymerase
chain reaction, DNA probes
• Genomic library & cDNA library
• Transgenics
9
UNIT
III • Hybridoma technology,Monoclonal antibodies and
their applications
• Brief account of cloning: Genomic research-its
advantages and disadvantages
• Human Genome Project (Group Discussion)
5
UNIT
IV
Immunity
• Innate & adaptive immunity
• Cells, Tissues and Molecules of immune system
• Antigen & antibodies- Structure, types, interaction
in vivo and in vitro
• Mechanism of Humoral & Cell mediated immune
response
• MHC genes & gene products
• AIDS
11
UNIT
V • Cytokines-Basic concepts
• Complement and its action
Immunotolerance, Autoimmunity-Basic concepts
10
Total Teaching Hours 45
Department of Zoology
22
Suggested Readings:
� Molecular Biotechnology. Glick B.R.& Pasternak J. J; ASM Press.
� Principles of gene manipulation; An introduction to genetic
engineering; Old, R.W & Primrose, S.B; Blackwell Science.
� Elementary biotechnology, Gupta, P.K; Rastogi Puplications; Meerut.
� Immunology; Kuby; W.H; Freeman Publications.
� Essential immunology; Roitt, I; ELBS.
� Practical Biochemistry:Principles &Techniques;Keith Wilson&John
Walker;Cambridge University Press.
Department of Zoology
23
PAPER II:MICROBIOLOGY
Paper Code : ZOL 502 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNIT TOPICS Teaching
hours
UNIT
I
Brief introduction to the history of Microbiology
• Work of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
• Work of Louis Pasteur, John Tyndall, Robert Koch &
Jenner
Prokaryota(Bacteria)
• Size, shape & pattern of Arrangement
• Structural Organization—Slime layer(Capsule) Cell
envelope,Cytoplasmic membrane(Inner membrane),
Cell wall(Outer membrane) of gram-ve & gram +ve
bacteria,Mesosomes; Cytoplasmic organization, Cell
projections- Flagella & pili
9
UNIT
II
Microbial Genetics
• Virus, Bacteria, Phages
• Lytic & Lysogenic cycles
• Transduction & Bacterial recombination
8
UNIT
III • Genetic material of bacteria: Chromosomes,
Plasmids, Replication of bacterial DNA
• Reproduction in Bacteria: Asexual reproduction:
Binary fission, budding, Endospore formation& cyst
formation Sexual reproduction:Conjugation
8
UNIT
IV
Microbial nutrition culture of Bacteria
• Carbon & energy source
• Nitrogen & minerals
• Organic growth factors
• Microbial growth
• Environmental factors: Temperature, Hydrogen ion
concentration
5
UNIT
V
Bacterial of medical importance:
Gram +ve:
• Cocci : Staphylococci, Streptococci
• Bacilli: Diptheria, Tetanus
15
Department of Zoology
24
Gram –ve:
• Cocci: Gonnorrhea, Meningitis
• Bacilli: Diarrhoea
• Mycobacteria: Tuberclosis,
AIDS & Hepatitis (with emphasis on B type)
The causative agents, Transmission, Pathogenicity,
Laboratory, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention
Total Teaching Hours 45
Suggested Reading:
� Microbial:T.Stuart Walker,W.B.Saunders Company
� Microbiological Application,Alfred E.Brown,McGraw.Hill
� Medical Biology Talaro
� Microbiology : Prescott
� Microbiology : Pelczar
� General Microbiology : Sullia & Shantaram Oxford
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Paper-III :PRACTICAL
Paper Code : ZOL 503 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 2 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 4 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 60
Biotechnology and Microbiology:
• Principle and working of equipments used in biotechnology
laboratory(SDS-PAGE apparatus, horizontal DNA Electrophoresis
chamber, Laminar Airflow, Autoclave, Incubator, pH meter,
Homogenizer, Ascending and Descending Chromatographic chamber,
Thin Layer Chromatographic Apparatus ,Microtome)
• Preparation and use culture media for microbes
• Study of microbes in food material(curd, milk rotten fruits and
vegetables)
• Educational tour to any Microbiology lab (Food processing factory,
Distillery, Dairy etc.)Candidates will have to submit a report on it.
• Culturing of Bacteria from soil/water samples.
Immunology:
Experiments on Antigen and Antibody reaction.
• Blood typing
• ELISA
• Ochterlony double diffusion
Labs Books Recommended:
� Microbiology : A Laboratory manual Cappuccino Sherman, Pearson
education
� Manual of Diagnostic microbiology : Wadher-Bhoosreddy
� Standard method of biochemical analysis : S.R. Thimmaiah
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SEMESTER VI
Paper-I: Ethology And Evolution
Paper Code : ZOL 601 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNIT TOPICS Teaching
hours
UNIT
I • Theories of evolutionary thought
• Chemical origin of Life
• Lamarckism & Darwinism
• Natural selection(Differential reproduction)
• Genetic basis of evolution
7
UNIT
II • Variation and Speciation
• Isolation
• Adaptations
• Palaeontology: fossils: Geological division of the
Earth crust: imperfection of fossil record
7
UNIT
III • Zoogeographical distribution:Principal
zoogeographical regions of the world with reference
to their mammalian fauna
• Continental drift
• Study of Extinct forms: Dinosaurs, Archaeopteryx
7
UNIT
IV • Introduction of Ethology
• Concept of Ethology: Fixed action pattern, Sign
stimulus, Innate releasing mechanism, Action
specific energy, motivation, imprinting & learning
• Methods of studying brain behaviour:
Neuroanatomical, neurophysiological,
neurochemical techniques
14
UNIT
V • Elementary idea of role of Pheromones
• Societies: Characteristics & advantages with special
reference to Honey Bee, Deer & Monkey
10
Total Teaching Hours 45
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Suggested Readings:
� An introduction to behaviour; Manning, A & Dawkins, M. S.; Cambridge
Low Price Edition.
� Animal Behaviour; Mathur, R.; Rastogi Publications, Meerut
� Introduction to evolution; Moody.
� Evolution Strickberger
� Evolutionary biology – Limits to knowledge in evolutionary genetics:
Clegg, Michael
� Organic Evolution : Rastogi
� Animal behaviour : Mcfarland Devid
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Paper II: Ecology & Biostatistics
Paper Code : ZOL 602 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 45
UNIT TOPICS Teaching
hours
UNIT
I • Scope & limit of Ecology
• Autecology & Synecology
• Abiotic Factors of Environment—Temperature, light ,
Pressure
• Substratum-Soil as a substratum
• Biogeochemical cycles-Nitrogen, Carbon, Water &
Sulphur
• Organisms-Principles of adaptations to external factors
• Populations- Characteristics, Growth and its analysis,
Regulation of densities, growth curves
10
UNIT
II • Competition in nature- Intraspecific & interspecific
• Niche concept, Competition exclusion
• Predation & parasitism- Concept, evolution of prey-
predator strategies, evolution of parasitism, Host-
parasite relationship
• Commensalism & Mutualism
8
UNIT
III • Communities – Succession, Biome, Ecotone, Edge
effect
• Ecosystem- Components of ecosystem, energy flow,
ecological pyramids, Food chain, Food web Habitat
Ecology-Adaptations of animals inhabiting different
habitats(Pelagic, Deep sea,Intetidal,
Rocky,Muddy,Sandy,estuary & desert)
• Wildlife management, conservation of renewable
resources
• Environmental pollution – Air & water pollutants,
Global warming, Pollution control strategies
10
UNIT
IV • Introduction, scope and application of Biostatistics
• Frequency distribution
• Graphical presentation of data
7
UNIT
V • Mean. mode, median and their significance
• Standard deviation and standard error and their
significance
• Significance tests t-test and chi-square
10
Total Teaching Hours 45
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Suggested Reading:
� Biostatistics; Gupta, S.P.;Sultan Chand &Co.
� Fundamentals of ecology; Odum, E.P.; W.B.Saunders, New Delhi.
� Environmental Biology; Verma P.S. & Agarwal U.K; S. Chand & Co. New
Delhi
� Environmental science-S.C. Santra,New central Book Agency.
� Soil and the Environment:An introduction Alanwild,Cambridge press.
� Instant Notes on ecology : Mackenzie, Aulay
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Paper-III: PRACTICAL
Paper Code : ZOL 603 Max. Marks: 100
Credits: 2 (Continuous Assessment : 30
Contact hours/week : 4 Semester End Exam : 70)
Contact hours/semester: 60
Ethology- To be given as Project
• Paramecium and Ant behaviour
• General behaviour of experimental mice
• General behaviour of commonly found animals (Locust,Passer, Koel,
Pigeon, Humming bird, Peacock, Weaver bird, Squirrel,Dog,Deer,
Monkey)
Evolution- To be given as Project
• Adaptive modification in feet and beak in birds
• Analogy and Homology
• Serial homology
Ecology:
• Water analysis (Acidity,Alkalinity,chlorine,oxygen,carbon-di-oxide)
• Soil analysis (by Kit)
Biostatistics:
• Construction of frequency tables ,histograms,polygon,pie-charts
• Exercises on mean, mode, median
Labs Books Recommended:
� Biostatistics; Gupta, S.P.;Sultan Chand & Co.
� Inbred and genetically defined strains of laboratory animals Part-I : Altman
Philip
� Survival Strategies : Gadagkar