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Budgeting for Systems
Administrators
Adam S. MoskowitzLION Bioscience Research
Gregory H. Hamm
GPC AGGPC AG
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Who Are We?
• Greg is the Vice President of Bioinformatics at GPC AG, a biotech firm in Princeton, NJ and Munich, Germany
• Greg couldn’t make it today
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Who Are We?
• Adam is the Manager of Computing Systems at LION Bioscience Research, in Cambridge, MA and Heidelberg, Germany
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Why Are We Here?
• We worked together at a small genetics firm in Waltham, MA
• We had the same positions as we do now
• Together we built a budget
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What Is a Budget?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What Is a Budget?
• A planning tool• What we’re going to do next year
– And why we need to do it
• How much it’s going to cost to do it• What to expect in future years
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What Is a Budget? (2)
• A planning tool• A way to get money
• But not necessarily the only way
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What Is a Budget? (3)
• A planning tool• A way to get money• An instrument to foster discussion
• Most often in well-funded research environments– Interval Research Corp: “Tell a good
story, you can have the money”
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What Is a Budget? (4)
• More discussion:• Is everyone “on the same page?”• “The idea is good, but it will cost 5x
what you thought – do you still want do to it?”
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Overview
• What should be in a budget?• How do you know how much you’ll
spend?• How do you get your budget
approved?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What’s In a Budget?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What’s In a Budget?
• Hardware• Software• People
• Services• Consumables• Slush fund
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What’s In a Budget?
• Hardware• Computers• Networks• Data storage• “Furniture”• Buildings• Cables, etc.
• Software• People
• Services• Consumables• Slush fund
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What’s In a Budget?
• Hardware• Software
• Licenses• Media• Documentation
• People
• Services• Consumables• Slush fund
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What’s In a Budget?
• Hardware• Software• People
• Employees• Consultants• Contractors• Professional
Development
• Services• Consumables• Slush fund
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What’s In a Budget?
• Hardware• Software• People
• Services• Maintenance
contracts• Consulting
services
• Consumables• Slush fund
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What’s In a Budget?
• Hardware• Software• People
• Services• Consumables
• Printing supplies• Magnetic media
• Slush fund
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
What’s In a Budget?
• Hardware• Software• People• Services• Consumables
• Slush fund• Pay-offs• Caribbean
vacations• The stuff you
forgot• The stuff they
didn’t tell you about
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware
• Two kinds of expenditures:• Capital• Expensed
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (2)
• Two kinds of expenditures:• Capital:
– “Durable goods”– Over some minimum cost
– Set by your accounting department
– Depreciated over a fixed period of time
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (3)
• Two kinds of expenditures:• Capital• Expensed:
– Services– Software (sometimes)– Total amount is considered in the current
tax year
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (4)
• Two kinds of expenditures:• Capital• Expensed
• This matters to the bean counters• We may have to use different
forms, or go through a different approval process
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
“Bean Counters”
• The folks in the accounting department can be your friends or your enemies – it’s your choice
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
“Bean Counters” (2)
• They can help you:• Achieve the right level of detail when
preparing your budget• Keep track of your budget• Get historical budget/spending data• Find assets
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (5)
• New equipment• Upgrades
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (6)
• New equipment• Upgrades
• Beware: Tax rules on capital equipment may make it difficult (or impossible) to trade-in existing machines as part of an upgrade
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (7)
• New equipment• Upgrades
• Another gotcha: Capital equipment may be financed by an outside source; if so, you don’t really own it, so you may not be able to trade it in for an upgrade!
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (8)
• Obvious stuff• Furniture• Buildings• Big stuff• Small stuff
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (9)
• Obvious stuff:• Systems, network gear, printers, tape
drives and libraries, console servers, access servers, etc.
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (10)
• Furniture:• Racks and cabinets• Cable trays (in computer room)• “Operator stations” (in computer
room)• Storage units (media, supplies)• Chairs, step-ladders, lighting, etc.
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (11)
• Buildings:• You may need a new building to
house your new computer room– most likely, only part of this goes into
your budget
• You may need to build a new computer room in an existing building
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (12)
• Big stuff:• Air conditioners• UPSes• Generators
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Hardware (13)
• Little stuff:• Cables
– Some people consider these consumables
• Tools• Test equipment
– Sometimes not so little
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Software
• Licenses• Media• Documentation• Subscriptions
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Software (2)
• Licenses• Site-wide• Per-user
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Software (3)
• Media• New packages• Upgrades (if not included in support
contract)
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Software (4)
• Documentation• New packages• Upgrades (if not included in support
contract)• Printed (in addition to CDs)
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Software (5)
• Subscriptions• More of an access fee than a support
contract• The accounting folks may want these
handled differently
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
People
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
People
• Employees
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
People (2)
• Employees• Consultants / contractors:
• May have to be considered in “head count,” too
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
People (3)
• Employees• Consultants / contractors:
• Expensive, but management may view these as “different dollars”
• Often seen as lower-risk in the budget (since they’re not permanent)
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
People (4)
• Employees• Consultants / contractors• Professional development:
• Conferences• Training• Off-site meetings, retreats
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Services
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Services
• Support contracts• Consulting services• One-time services• Off-site storage (for back-ups)• Legal fees• Escrow
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Services (2)
• Support contracts• New contracts on hardware or
software on which the warranty will run out during the coming fiscal year
• May need to pro-rate contract cost to match fiscal year
• Ask your vendor to align contract dates to save headaches
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Services (3)
• Support contracts• Contracts that expire during the
coming fiscal year• May cost more because the
equipment is older• Again, may have to pro-rate
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Services (4)
• One-time services:• Hardware maintenance not covered
by a service contract• Yearly service for tape drives, air
conditioners, UPSes, generators, etc.• Rates probably go up every year
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Consumables
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Consumables
• Media (tapes, CDs)• Printing supplies (toner cartridges,
ink cartridges, paper)• Cables?• Cleaning supplies (for tape drives)
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Slush Fund
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Slush Fund
• The name is a joke, but the idea isn’t
• Need some sort of contingency fund• May not be necessary if out-of-budget
expenses are easily approved• Still worth having to cover little
emergencies
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Slush Fund (2)
• May be able to list as its own budget item
• Or, may have to hide it by padding other items• Just remember where you hid the
money!
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Slush Fund (3)
• Be reasonable:• You’re trying to plan for uncertainty,
not subvert policy
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Overview
• What should be in a budget?• How do you know how much you’ll
spend?• How do you get your budget
approved?
![Page 56: Budgeting for Systems Administrators Adam S. Moskowitz LION Bioscience Research Gregory H. Hamm GPC AG](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061304/5513d07255034646298b50d0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money?
• More than last year?• Less?• About the same?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (2)
• Company policies may affect the answer
• For example:• Does every new employee get a
computer? If so, who pays for it?• Do you archive old data or buy more
disks?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (3)
• The company’s business plan will also affect the answer• But it could be up OR down
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (4)
• There’s no formula• This is where the planning really
happens• You need to talk to users, your
boss, department heads, VPs, directors, and maybe even the president, CEO, and/or CFO
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (5)
• You may need to ask your boss to talk to these people
• Or, maybe you ask him/her to do the talking, but to let you attend the meeting
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Talking to “Suits”
• They’re NOT stupid• But they probably don’t understand
technology
• Don’t waste their time (or yours) with technical details
• Stick to high-level overviews of business plans, etc.
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Talking to “Suits” (2)
• Potential questions:• How many new employees?• New projects?• Old projects going away?• Major equipment upgrades?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (6)
• Computers for employees?• General productivity• Project-specific use
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (7)
• Computers for employees?• General productivity:
– Email– Word processing– Web browsing– Presentations
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (8)
• Computers for employees?• Project-specific use:
– Development– Run applications
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (9)
• Computers for employees?• General productivity• Project-specific use• Sometimes the same computer, but
not always
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (10)
• Computers for employees?• If multiple machines:
• General productivity– Maybe paid for by the employee’s
department– Maybe by the “computer department”
• If the latter, you need to know how many new employees
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (11)
• Computers for employees?• If multiple machines:
• General productivity• Project-specific use
– Almost always paid for by the department that “owns” the project
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (12)
• Questions to ask:• Enough disk space for “personal”
use?• Enough “project” disk space?• Enough disk server bandwidth?• Enough back-up capacity?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (13)
• Questions to ask:• Enough desktop machines?• Enough computing servers?• Enough network servers?
– Web email, DNS, etc.
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (14)
• Questions to ask:• Enough network ports?• Enough network bandwidth?• Enough Internet bandwidth?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
How Much Money? (15)
• Questions to ask:• Enough printers?
– Location, purpose
• Enough printing “capacity”?– Duty cycle
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Building a Budget
• Start by listing ALL items “depth first”• Sort by category, vendor, whatever• Write down EVERYTHING
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Building a Budget (2)
• Next, sort by reason• Specific projects
– “The suits” can tell you what these will be– These are the easiest to justify
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Building a Budget (3)
• Next, sort by reason• Specific projects
– Get support from the project manager in advance
– Let him/her do most of the work justifying the expense
– Maybe put your expenses in his/her budget, then transfer them back to yours
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Building a Budget (4)
• Next, sort by reason• Growth
– Again, get numbers from the suits– Be ready to explain why half the
proposed growth may require more than half the proposed cost
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Building a Budget (5)
• Next, sort by reason• General infrastructure
– Try to tie as much of this as possible to specific projects and growth
– Try to justify the remaining amount as “needed to support the projects and growth, but the cost is spread across everything”
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Building a Budget (6)
• Next, sort by reason• “Breathing room”
– Usually requires extra justification– Might be able to use the “cheaper in
bulk” argument– Make sure you can reduce this without
crippling your plans
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Building a Budget (7)
• Sometimes both lists may need to be presented as part of the budget
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Overview
• What should be in a budget?• How do you know how much you’ll
spend?• How do you get your budget
approved?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Getting Your Money
• Why budget?• More “what’s in a budget?”• Packaging your budget• Presenting your budget
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Getting Your Money (2)
• Why budget?• It’s your job
– You’re the manager– Your manager asked for help
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Getting Your Money (3)
• Why budget?• If you don’t do it, someone else will
do it for (to?) you– You probably won’t like theirs as much– You may not get to do the things you
need to do – or want to do
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Getting Your Money (4)
• Why budget?• It forces you to plan
– Longer term
• Planning is good• Acting is much better than reacting
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Getting Your Money (5)
• Why budget?• Budgets make purchases easier• Budgets reduce arguments about
purchases• Budgets make it easier to win
arguments
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Getting Your Money (6)
• Why budget?• More of “what’s in a budget?”• Packaging your budget• Presenting your budget
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “What’s In . . . ?”
• Why do we need this?• How does it affect the bottom line?• How does this fit into the longer-
term picture?• How does this affect the following
year?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “What’s In . . . ?”
• Why do we need this?• Required by a project• Required to support employees• Required to support the company• Infrastructure
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “What’s In . . . ?”
• How does it affect the bottom line?• Necessary expense?• Reduce overall costs?• Generate revenue?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “What’s In . . . ?”
• How does this fit into the longer-term picture?• Planning for expansion?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “What’s In . . . ?”
• How does this affect the following year?• One-time expense?• Once every N years?• Cheaper today than tomorrow?• Cheaper in bulk?
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Getting Your Money (7)
• Why budget?• More of “what’s in a budget?”• Packaging your budget• Presenting your budget
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Packaging Your Budget
• We tend to think in terms of machines or maybe purchase orders
• Management prefers to think in terms of projects
• Do it their way
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Packaging . . . (2)
• Typical purchase order:
2 WhizBang 450 Servers
3 256MB memory modules
3 DLT VII tape drives
30 18GB Fibre-Channel disks
2 FC host adapters
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Packaging . . . (3)
• Management presentation:• Lab system: WhizBang 450, 256MB
memory, tape back-up, 90GB storage• Production system: WhizBang 450,
512MB memory, dual tape back-up, 180GB storage
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Packaging . . . (4)
• If it makes sense, centralize functionality:• Lab system: WhizBang 450• Production system: WhizBang 450• Storage system: Elephant D2700 with
270GB storage, multiple tape back-up units
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Packaging . . . (5)
• If it makes sense, centralize functionality
• But . . .• Be prepared to have only one
approved
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Packaging . . . (6)
• An “all or nothing” approach may get you nothing
• Categorize items:• Vital• Important• Nice to have
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Packaging . . . (7)
• Build in “slash points” between categories
• Make sure you know how much you need if one of the categories isn’t approved
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Packaging . . . (8)
• Sometimes items in one category depend on items in another• Be prepared to juggle costs if that
item is cut• Don’t surrender the “extra” money;
save it for when they ask for cuts
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Getting Your Money (8)
• Why budget?• More of “what’s in a budget?”• Packaging your budget• Presenting your budget
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Presenting Your Budget
• Align vital items with vital projects• Get help from the project manager
when presenting your budget
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Presenting . . . (2)
• Present your budget with your categories (vital, important, nice) implied• But don’t be to obvious about it
• Mount your defenses at the lines and not within a category
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Presenting . . . (3)
• Separate new items from ongoing support costs
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Presenting . . . (4)
• Separate new items from ongoing support costs• Tie to specific projects• Or show projected profit• Otherwise, present as opportunities
for significant improvements
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Presenting . . . (5)
• Separate new items from ongoing support costs• Present these as matter-of fact needs• “The cost of doing business”• Do this with as little fanfare as
possible
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Presenting . . . (6)
• We’re ignoring how to justify the size of the staff• It’s a hard problem• With lots of questions, and very few
answers
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Presenting . . . (7)
• If they say you have to cut your budget, do so willingly and creatively:• You’ll like your own cuts better than
theirs• You’ll get credit for being a team
player
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Presenting . . . (8)
• If they say you have to cut your budget, do so willingly and creatively:• Cut decisively where you can and
“trade” for the important stuff• Use your built-in slash points
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “Talking to Suits”
• Again, they may not be technical, but that doesn’t mean they’re stupid
• Become a teacher: Help them to understand why they should spend the money
• Don’t be condescending!
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “Talking . . .” (2)
• Don’t use buzzwords!• They don’t impress; instead, they
intimidate
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “Talking . . .” (3)
• Don’t become aggravated if they need it explained several times• You probably know as much about
their field as they do about yours– Which is probably damned little!
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “Talking . . .” (4)
• Managers don’t care how the technology works• They don’t need to care!
• Managers do care about the implications of the technology
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “Talking . . .” (5)
• Try to remember:• It’s their job to control costs• There are important yet conflicting
needs• It’s also their job to balance these
needs• They have to keep the company in
business
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “Talking . . .” (6)
• Also remember:• If you can’t see the connection to the
bottom line, neither can they!
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
More “Talking . . .” (7)
• If you don’t get your money, don’t pout!• Losing this battle with grace may help
win a later war
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Summary
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Summary
• Budgets are a lot of work• But they’re necessary work
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Summary (2)
• A budget will help you make better decisions throughout the year
• This in turn helps you:• Gain credibility• Get a better performance evaluation
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Summary (3)
• Preparing your first budget is always the hardest• Maybe even a few orders of
magnitude harder!– Actually, writing about how to prepare a
budget is the hardest thing of all– Don’t try to do it yourself; instead, just “steal”
these notes
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Budgeting for Systems Administrators
Budgeting for Systems
AdministratorsAdam S. Moskowitz
LION Bioscience Research
http://www.menlo.com/lisa99/budgeting.ppt