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Building a frameworkfor semanticcultural heritage dataValentine Charles | VALA2016
Netherlands, Public Domain1660 - 1625, Rijksmuseum
AnonymousArrival of a Portuguese ship
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IT ALL STARTS BY A LONG JOURNEY !
France, Public Domain1914, National Library of France
Agence de presse Meurisse
Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac d’Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling
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Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data CC BY-SA
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EDM past and presentCC BY-SA
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CC BY-SABuilding a framework for semantic cultural heritage
data
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CC BY-SA
A vision …
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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CC BY-SA
… and the reality
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage
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BUILDING A COMMON DATA FRAMEWORK
Netherlands, Public Domain1615, Rijksmuseum
Anonymous
Elegant Party on a Terrace of a Venetian-inspired Setting
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dc:contributor, dc:creator, dc:date, dc:format, dc:identifier, dc:language, dc:publisher, dc:relation, dc:source, dcterms:alternative, dcterms:extent, dcterms:temporal, dcterms:medium, dcterms:created,
dcterms:provenance, dcterms:issued, dcterms:conformsTo, dcterms:hasFormat, dcterms:isFormatOf,
dcterms:hasVersion, dcterms:isVersionOf, dcterms:hasPart, dcterms:isPartOf, dcterms:isReferencedBy…
europeana:type, europeana:dataProvider, europeana:provider, europeana:isShownAt,
europeana:isShownBy, europeana:object, europeana:rights
A first attempt: The Europeana Semantic Elements
CC BY-SABuilding a framework for semantic cultural heritage
data
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A first attempt: The Europeana Semantic Elements
CC BY-SA
• A flat model • With no links between cultural objects or
between objects and context entities (persons, places)
• Mixing data on real object and digital representation and provider information
• Causing a lot of mapping quality problems.
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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A new model, linked-data style
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• Cross-community re-use of data models
• Models that re-use existing models• Semantic Web technology allows mixing them!
• Collaborative, softer form of standardization
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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A new data framework: the Europeana Data Model (EDM)
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• A data model that re-uses several existing Semantic Web-based models
• Adopt Semantic Web representation principles (RDF)• Re-use and mix different vocabularies together
• Preserve original data and still allow for interoperability
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
OAI-ORE OWL
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EDM basic pattern
CC BY-SABuilding a framework for semantic cultural heritage
data
LondonMelbourne
Dijkstra, R.H.
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Connect Libraries to other domains
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• Create a “semantic layer” on top of cultural heritage objects
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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EDM IN EUROPEANA
France, Public Domain1914, National Library of France
Agence de presse Meurisse
Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac d’Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling
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CC BY-SA
• Europeana now aggregates, processes, enriches metadata from the cultural heritage sector in Europe using EDM
• Provides a portal for users to access data and objects• Metadata under Creative
Commons Zero - public domain
• Previews and links to source
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
EDM in the Europeana platform
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Building semantic links between objects
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EDM allows Europeana to build a network of digital and born-digital cultural heritage objects thanks to the representation of semantic links and relationships between objects.
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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Building a network of contextual information
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• Europeana builds its “Semantic Layer” by linking to contextual resources (e.g. concepts, persons, places).
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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CC BY-SABuilding a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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Publishing data in EDM
CC BY-SA
• Europeana publishes EDM data• Via the Europeana API• Via Linked Open Data
at data.europeana.eu
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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EDM AS A FRAMEWORK FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE DATA
France, Public Domain1914, National Library of France
Agence de presse Meurisse
Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac d’Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling
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A community driven model
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• The input from the different communities makes the model stronger
• A important effort is made on the collection of requirements
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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Enable interoperability
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• Many projects and partners have worked on enabling metadata interoperability with Europeana
• either directly mapping their metadata to EDM according to the guidelines
• or creating specialisations of EDM for representing specific use-cases and minimising the loss of metadata from their original metadata format to EDM
Application profile Mapping
Extension
EDM
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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Make the model re-usable
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• EDM is developed to be as re-usable as possible. • EDM can be seen as an anchor to
which various finer-grained models can be attached, enhancing their interoperability at a semantic level
• Re-using existing vocabularies and defining mappings with existing standards is crucial for EDM to remain reusable by the cultural heritage domain
Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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An example Digital Manuscripts to Europeana
CC BY-SA
http://onto.dm2e.eu/schemas/dm2e Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage
data
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Maintaining EDM as an open and living standard
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• The model is well- documented and openly shared• In a human-readable and machine-readable
documentation• Different documentation is produced for the
various profiles of EDM
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AND FOR THE FUTURE?
France, Public Domain1914, National Library of France
Agence de presse Meurisse
Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac d’Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling
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“The design of data models is decentralized and tailored to specific applications, while the data created and exchanged with them still forms a vast, semantically interoperable knowledge environment.”
(Knowledge = Information in Context: on the Importance of Semantic
Contextualisation in Europeana, 2008 )
United Kingdom, CC BYThe Wellcome LibraryLuigi Garzi
The birth of Adonis and the transformation of Myrrha
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Finer-grained representation of rights information
CC BY-SABuilding a framework for semantic cultural heritage datahttp://rightsstatements.org/
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Support for Annotations
Modelling and Exchanging Annotations for Europeana Projects
DBpediaAPI
oa:Annotationhttp://
data.europeana.eu/annotation/...
oa:hasBody
skos:Concepthttp://dbpedia.org/re-
source/Brass_instrument
oa:tagging
oa:motivatedBy
edm:ProvidedCHOhttp://data.europeana.eu/item/...
oa:hasTarget
oa:SemanticTag
#tag1
Available Vocabularies
/ Datasets
skos:related
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France, Public Domain1932, National Library of France
Agence de presse Mondial Photo-Presse.
Tournoi royal de motos à Londres : changement d'une roue de side-car en marche
“In true linked data fashion, EDM ‘profiles’ can be developed without Europeana having to update the core model. Elements can be attached to the model without a corresponding implementation in Europeana's core platform. ”
(Enhancing the European Data Model, 2015)
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Maintaining interoperability in a growing ecosystem
• What should be the end- goal of EDM? • Centralised and reference model versus extensions of
the models • What should be the criteria for extending the model?
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A simple model for complex data
• The success of EDM comes with its core base • But data providers now complains of its complexity…
• This can have lot of impact on the data quality
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A solution: continue the soft standardization of the model
• Continue to develop EDM as an iterative process by re-using as much as possible existing solutions
• Developing and adopting best practices • If Europeana can’t develop the best practices
ourselves we will voice the requirements of cultural heritage within new groups (e.g., W3C)
• Encouraging re-use of EDM
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Developing new solutions to support interoperability
• Further work on data validation is required ( e.g. RDF validation standards )
• Softer approaches to data checking could be designed
• More warnings and metrics to guide the data producers
• Crowdsourcing could be very valuable
• Especially to get a better grounding of what users generally need in data quality
CC BY-SABuilding a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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To conclude• Develop data models that are
• interoperable
• Reusable
• Involve your stakeholders from the beginning and keep them involved
• Rely on technologies to help addressing more complex problems
• And if you can’t do it provide use cases !
CC BY-SABuilding a framework for semantic cultural heritage data
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With input slides from Antoine Isaac &Hugo Manguinhas, R&D team