Download - Butterfly Gardening
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Butterfly GardeningWritten and Presented by: Cathy LeVahnAnoka County Master Gardener, Minnesota Tree Care Advisor
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IntroductionBehaviors to WatchCreating a Butterfly Garden
Butterfly Gardening
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Wildlife habitat is being destroyed◦ Commercial development◦ Residential development
Butterfly gardening encourages habitat restoration
Introduction
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Minnesota – 200 speciesAdult lifespan – 2 weeksSeveral generations each season
Some hibernate, others migrate
Introduction
Freedigitalphotos.net
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Provides host plant for larval growth and adult feeding
Uses native and horticultural cultivars of annuals and perennials◦ Sip nectar◦ Lay eggs◦ Source of food
Butterfly Gardening Can Be Easy!
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Encourages the establishment of butterfly populations
Butterflies return year after year
Environmental stewardshipPersonal enjoyment!
Why?
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The insect order Lepidoptera consists of butterflies and moths ◦ Butterflies – 8% of species◦ Moths – 92% of species
Butterfly or Moth?
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Butterflies are brightly colored◦ Advertises distastefulness to
predators◦ Females look for noxious host
plants to lay their eggs◦ Distasteful to birds
Butterfly or Moth?
Peacock Butterfly photograph by Leon Truscott
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Moths are dully coloredLack functional mouth parts
Highly palatable to birds
Most are active after dusk
Butterfly or Moth?
US Forest Service
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Key DistinctionsAntennae
clubbed(Nymphalidae:
Monarch butterfly)
plumose(Saturniidae: Luna moth)
slender(Sphingidae: Sphinx moth)
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Key DistinctionsBody
slender, smooth(Pieridae: Sulphur
butterfly)
thick, furry(Arctiidae: Tiger
moth)
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Key DistinctionsWings at rest
usually held upright
(Lycaenidae: Hairstreak butterfly)
held flat(Noctuidae: Underwing
moth)
rooflike(Geometridae:
Goat moth)
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Key DistinctionsTransformational stage
butterfly: chrysalis
moth: pupa naked or cocoon
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Black Swallowtail
www.genehanson.com
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Spicebush Swallowtail
www.genehanson.com
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Checkered White
www.genehanson.com
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Small Copper
www.genehanson.com
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Variegated Fritillary
birdsbeesandbutterflies.com
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Great Spangled Fritillary
www.simplybutterflies.com
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American Copper
www.simplybutterflies.com
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American Painted Lady
New Mexico State University
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Monarch
Texas Parks and Wildlife
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Checkered Skipper
www.genehanson.com
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Red Admiral
Discover butterflies.com
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Behaviors to Watch
Feeding◦ Use flower nector as primary
food source◦ Required for energy/flight
bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au
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Behaviors to Watch
Feeding◦ Some suggested nectar plants
for adult butterflies :
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Blueberries (Vaccinium)
bartlettsblueberryfarm.com
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Butterfly Bush (Buddleia)
Photographer: Marie
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Lilac (Syringa)
www.mountainspringscentre
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Coneflowers (Echinacea)
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Impatiens (Impatiens)
M. Myers
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Marigolds (Tagetes)
Gardening Paradise
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Phlox (Paniculata)
GardenWeb.com
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Aster (Aster)
Ark Master Gardeners
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Bee Balm (Monarda)
Photograph by G. Fauske
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Sedum (Sedum)
DailyEncouragement.net
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Behaviors to Watch
static.flickr.com
Basking◦ Butterflies are cold-blooded◦ They fly best when air
temperatures range from 75-90º
◦ Basks in sun to warm up
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Behaviors to Watch
Puddling◦ Congregate at wet edge of mud
puddles or wet sandy areas ◦ Fluids rich in salts and
nutrients ◦ Required to mate successfully
www.learner.org/
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Behaviors to Watch
Patrolling and Perching◦ Males search out females for
mating◦ Fly over areas where females
are laying eggs◦ Perch on tall plants for lookout
Photo by Alice Russell
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Behaviors to Watch
Mating◦ Flight patterns differ in
courtship◦ Males fly behind female◦ Flutter wings more than usual
aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu
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Behaviors to Watch
Egg Laying◦ Female flying over plants◦ Touches down quickly◦ May drum on leaf surface with
feet
aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu
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Creating a Butterfly Garden
Host Plants◦ Group flowers of similar color
together◦ Select nectar producing plants◦ Provide flowers that bloom
throughout season◦ More active mid to late
summer
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Cathy LeVahn
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Creating a Butterfly Garden
Host Plants (continued)◦ Supplement with home-made
feeders◦ Must provide for caterpillars
Milkweed Butterfly weed Dill Parsley Nettles
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USDA Forest Service
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Creating a Butterfly Garden
Habitat◦Shelter (protection)
Lay eggs Predators Wind
◦Don’t plant near birdhouses or feeders
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Creating a Butterfly Garden
Habitat◦Water Source
Wet Sand Mud Puddle
i.ehow.com
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picasaweb.google.com
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Creating a Butterfly Garden
Eliminate the use of pesticides◦Kills larvae and
butterflies◦Kills beneficial insects◦Kills birds
Use oils, soaps and microbial insecticides only if necessary
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Cathy LeVahn
Cathy LeVahn
Enjoy
References: Butterfly Gardening
Vera Krischikis an assistant professor, Department of Entomology and an extension specialist, Minnesota Extension Service. She is also the director of the Center for Urban Ecology and Sustainability, University of Minnesota
National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Butterflies, Pyle
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References - LinksReferences - Links
Butterfly Gardening; Krischik, Verahttp://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG6711.html
Tall Garden Phlox for Minnesota Gardens; Brown, Debhttp://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1119.html
Sunflowers; MacKenzie, Jillhttp://www.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/h118sunflowers.html