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By:Priscilla Arevalo
Angelica AlvaradoAlyssa Megan
Eileen Gao
SOIL AND AGRICULTURE (P.229-233)
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WHAT IS A SOIL PROFILE?
Organic
Topsoil
Elluviation
Subsoil
Bedrock
Weathered P.M.
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SOIL PROPERTIESSoil ColorSoil Texture
ClaySiltSandLoam
Soil StructureSoil pH
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CATION EXCHANGE IS VITAL FOR PLANT GROWTH
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• Soil characteristics vary from place to place.• Some regions have more fertile soils than others.
Tropical Rain Forest
Temperate Grassland
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN SOIL TRAITS CAN AFFECT AGRICULTURE
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HUMAN PRACTICES THAT HAVE INCREASED VULNERBILITY OF SOIL
• Erosion: human activities have increased by 10-40 times rate of erosion occuring globally
• Human practices:
1.Industrial agriculture2.Deforestation3.Roads4.Climate change5.Urban spraw
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DEGRADATION OF SOIL
1. Mulching
2. Contour Barriers
3. Rock Dams
Conservation Measures:
The largest areas of concern: Asia & Africa.Central America has highest percentage/worst degrees of soil degradation
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“CLIMATE CHANGE TO DISRUPT SOIL NUTRIENTS IN DRYLANDS”
• Drop in nitrogen and carbon concentrations could have serious effects on ecosystem services.
• Study measured the nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus content in soils at 224 sites.
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“CLIMATE CHANGE TO DISRUPT SOIL NUTRIENTS IN DRYLANDS”
• Drylands consist of 40% of the world’s land area.
• Climate change can make these areas drier.
• It is hypothesized that the ecosystem properties of drylands may be irreversible.