By: By: Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley H.S. Horace Greeley H.S.
Chappaqua, NYChappaqua, NY
EDITED: Mr. Stonehill - THHSEDITED: Mr. Stonehill - THHS
The Geography of Greece
The Geography of Greece
QuestionsQuestions
• What seems to be the main “areas” of the What seems to be the main “areas” of the Classical Greek world?Classical Greek world?
• Where might potential enemies/rivals of Where might potential enemies/rivals of Greece arise from?Greece arise from?
Bronze Age GreeceBronze Age Greece
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization
The Mycenaean Civilization
The Mycenaean Civilization
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
The Mask of AgamemnonThe Mask of Agamemnon
QuestionsQuestions
• What features of Archaic Greek culture do What features of Archaic Greek culture do we associate with Western culture?we associate with Western culture?
ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
QuestionsQuestions
• Why is a port city necessary for Athens?Why is a port city necessary for Athens?
Early Athenian Lawgivers
Early Athenian Lawgivers$ Draco – initial dictator “draconian”
$ Solon “law giver”
$ Cleisthenes created the first
democracy!
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE
Persian Wars: Famous BattlesPersian Wars: Famous Battles$ Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens – Greeks defeat Persians
$ Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass – eventually Xerxes conquers Athens, burns it and leaves
$ Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious over Persians leading to “stalemate”
Athens - Golden “Age of Pericles”:
460 BCE – 429 BCE
Athens - Golden “Age of Pericles”:
460 BCE – 429 BCE
Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers$ Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything
only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.
$ Plato The Academy
The world of the FORMS
The Republic philosopher-king
Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers$ Aristotle
The Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
Athens: The Arts & Sciences$ DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
$ THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras - mathematician
Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”
Architecture - Phidias’ Acropolis
Architecture - Phidias’ Acropolis
The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today
The ParthenonThe Parthenon
The AgoraThe Agora
The Classical Greek “Ideal” – emphasis on human body –
accuracy in art as well
The Classical Greek “Ideal” – emphasis on human body –
accuracy in art as well
Olympia – human sport and the emphasis of what the human body
can achieve
Olympia – human sport and the emphasis of what the human body
can achieve
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
Olympia: Temple to Hera
Olympia: Temple to Hera
The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympics
QuestionsQuestions
• What aspects of Athenian culture would What aspects of Athenian culture would you consider Western Culture?you consider Western Culture?
• Define art (how does it work, its materials, Define art (how does it work, its materials, its subject matter, how does it look, etc.) in its subject matter, how does it look, etc.) in the Golden Age of Athens.the Golden Age of Athens.
SPARTASPARTA
SPARTASPARTA
Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.
Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars
Macedonia Under Philip II
Macedonia Under Philip II
QuestionsQuestions
• How was Sparta and its allies able to How was Sparta and its allies able to defeat Athens and the Delian League?defeat Athens and the Delian League?
• How was Macedonia able to conquer the How was Macedonia able to conquer the rest of Classical Greece?rest of Classical Greece?
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire
Alexander the Great in Persia
Alexander the Great in Persia
The Hellenization of Asia
The Hellenization of Asia
Pergamum: A Hellenistic CityPergamum: A Hellenistic City
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
Philosophers$ Cynics Diogenes ignore social conventions
& avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
$ Epicurians Epicurus avoid pain & seek
pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.
Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
Philosophers$ Stoics Zeno nature is the expansion of
divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found ingreat achievements.
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /
Mathematicians: Aristarchus heliocentric
theory.
Euclid geometry
Archimedes pulley
$ Hellenistic Art: More realistic; less ideal than
Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire