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Byzantine Art: Style of art originating out of Byzantine Empire, rich color, flat, stiff figures that appear to be floating, big round eyes, gold background
Who do you think this is?
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It’s Emperor Justinian! What does this image tell us about relationship between Church/State?
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The Great Schism of 1054
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Christianity in the Byzantine Empire
• Official religion of the empire
• Church worked closely with gov’t
• Emperor was believed to be Christ’s representative on earth
Remember this guy???
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Main Players
• Emperor Leo III – Eastern Empire, 717-741– Byzantine Emperor
• Pope is in Western Empire (also named Leo IX) 1002-1054
• Patriarch = Head of Church in Byzantine Empire
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East vs. West…
• What were some of the primary differences:
•Political?•Economic?•Religious?•Cultural?
Continuing the tradition of East vs. West…
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Growing Apart
• Geographic distance• Competition
between diocese• Different customs
– Language– Marital status of
priests– Communion bread– Dress– Use of icons
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The issue of icons
• Idols or symbols of God’s presence?
• AD 726 – Emperor Leo III bans use of icons– Iconoclasts =
image breakers– Many refuse to
follow, church appeals decision
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The real issue?
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Let’s get ready to rumble…
• Pope names Charlemagne emperor of Holy Roman Empire (to show he is in charge of politics)
• Patriarch refuses to recognize Pope (why? remember the emperor’s role on earth…)
• Pope has Leo III excommunicated• Patriarch excommunicates the Pope
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The Great Schism
• Schism = division or breaking up
• Temporary truce in the 1400s, don’t make peace again until 1964
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Roman Catholicism v. Eastern Orthodox
In the West:Centered in RomePriests were
celibateLatin used in
servicesSupported use of
iconsHeaded by PopeBecomes Roman
Catholic Church
In the East:Centered in
ConstantinoplePriests could marryGreek used in
servicesForbid use of iconsHeaded by PatriarchBecomes Eastern
Orthodox Church