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Byzantine Empire under Justinian (at
its peak)
Asia Minor/Anatolia
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
The Byzantine Empire340 – 1453 C.E.
Constantinople
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The Byzantine Empire• The Byzantine Empire (340-1453)
• The eastern half of the Roman Empire
• Consisted of southern Europe, Anatolia, Palestine, and Egypt
• Capital at Constantinople since 340 CE
• Emperor that divided the Roman Empire into two:
•Constantine
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The Byzantine Empire• Central Authority collapsed in Western Roman Empire in
476 CE
• Invasions, Weakened Government and Economy, Plagues
• Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) survived
• Lasted for another thousand years
• Infrastructure and central authority remained strong
• Legacy of the Roman Empire continued
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Justinian, 518-565 C.E.Important Byzantine Emperor
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• The emperor simplified complex Roman laws.
• Employed a committee to edit Roman laws and use them as a foundation for Justinian’s Code.
• The code consists of twelve books with over 4,000 laws.
• Political impact: influenced European laws
• Legal impact: the code differentiates between civil and criminal law
Justinian’s Code of Laws
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Byzantine Empire at Time of Justinian’s Death, 565 C.E.
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The Byzantine Empire, 668 C.E.Why did the Empire shrink?
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Hagia SophiaJustinian built this as a church.
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The Byzantine Empire • Political structure• Centered around the
Emperor
• Capital: Constantinople
• Empire organized through a bureaucracy• Regulated trade, taxes,
and prices
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• Social and Cultural Differences with West
• Different languages
• Western Roman Empire = Latin
• Byzantine = Greek
• Cultural Perceptions
• Byzantines thought: Western Europeans = “barbarians”
• Westerners thought Byzantines = “sneaky” and “liars”
• Different forms of Christianity emerged
The Byzantine Empire
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• THE GREAT SCHISM (East v. West)
• Pope and the Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other in 1054
• First split in Christianity
- The Eastern Orthodox Christian Church• Closely tied to the imperial government
• Patriarch of Constantinople
• Disagreements continue for over 200 years
• Churches divided over icon use• Disagreements over whether to use local languages at church services
• East: wanted to• West: didn’t
• Disagreements over celibacy, should priests marry?• East: wanted to• West: didn’t
The Byzantine Empire