C-11
Review for test.
• WHAT BASE ALWAYS PAIR WITH ADENINE IN DNA?
• THYMINE
• WHAT BASE ALWAYS PAIR WITH GUANINE IN DNA?
• CYTOSINE
• HOW MANY CARBONS ARE IN DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR?
• FIVE CARBONS
• WHAT TYPE OF BOND IS FOUND BETWEEN THE NITROGEN BASES?
• HYDROGEN BOND
• WHAT IS CALLED DNA ON THE FIRST NOTE?
• BLUEPRINT FOR LIFE
• WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS FOR DNA?N
• NUCLEOTIDES
• WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA IS THE STRONG BOND?
• PHOSPHATE BOND
• WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA IS THE WEAK BOND?
• HYDROGEN BOND
• WHICH TYPE OF BOND HOLDS AMINO ACIDS TOGETHER IN FORMING A PROTEIN?
• PEPTIDE BOND
• WHAT PROTEINS ARE USED TO CONTROL ACTIONS WITHIN THE BODY?
• HORMONES
• WHAT IS MAKING AN EXACT COPY OF DNA CALLED?
• REPLICATION
• WHAT DOES DNA REPRESENT? (STAND FOR)
• DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
• WHO ARE THE TWOPEOPLE CREDITED WITH DISCOVERY OF DNA STRUCTURE?
• WATSON AND CRICK
• WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF DNA CALLED?
• DOUBLE HELIX
• WHAT ARE THE TWO PARTS THAT MAKE UP THE SIDES OF DNA?
• SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE
• WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP IN THE REPLICATION OF DNA?
• UNZIP THE DNA
• WHEN DOES REPLICATION OCCUR?
• INTERPHASE
• WHAT ARE CHANGES IN THE DNA THAT MAY CAUSE PROBLEMS OR DISEASES?
• MUTATION
• WHAT IS MAKING A mRNA STRAND FROM A DNA?
• TRANSCRIPTION
• WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF A NUCLEOTIDE?
• SUGAR,PHOSPHATE, AND NITROGEN BASE
• WHAT BRINGS THE AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOMES FOR MAKING PROTEINS?
• TRANSFER RNA
• WHAT ARE MADE UP OF THOUSANDS OF DNA MOLECULES?
• GENES
• WHAT ARE PROTEINS USED AS IN THE BODY?
• HORMONES, ENZYMES AND TISSUES
• WHAT NITROGEN BASE DOES RNA HAVE THAT IS NOT FOUND IN DNA?
• URACIL
• WHICH IS A SINGLE STRAND? DNA OR RNA
• RNA
• WHAT TYPE OF SUGAR IS FOUND IN RNA?
• RIBOSE SUGAR
• WHAT NITROGEN BASE IS PAIRED WITH ADENINE IN RNA?
• URACIL
• THE ORDER OF NITROGEN BASES DETERMINES THE PRODUCTION OF WHAT?
• PROTEINS
• THE THREE mRNA BASES THAT CODE FOR AN AMINO ACID IS CALLED WHAT?
• CODON
• THE THREE tRNA BASES THAT TRANSPORT AN AMINO ACID TO THE RIBOSOME IS CALLED WHAT?
• ANTICODON
• WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING THE mRNA BASES INTO AMINO ACIDS?
• TRANSLATION
• USUALLY THE FIRST CODON IS A _________ AND THE LAST CODON IS A STOPPING CODON.
• START CODON
• A MUTATION IN THIS TYPE OF CELL CAN BE TRANFERRED TO FUTURE GENERATIONS?
• REPRODUCTION CELLS
• A MUTATION IN THIS TYPE OF CELL CAN NOT BE TRANFERRED TO FUTURE GENERATIONS?
• BODY CELL
• WHAT TYPE OF MUTATION IS THE CHANGE OF A SINGLE BASE PAIR IN DNA CAUSING THE WRONG AMINO ACID TO BE PUT IN THE PROTEIN CHAIN?
• POINT
• WHAT TYPE OF MUTATION IS THE ADDITION OR DELETION OF A BASE THAT CAUSES A COMPLETE CHANGE IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE BASES?
• FRAMESHIFT
• WHEN DO CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION OCCUR?
• DURING MEIOSIS
• WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA CONNECTS THE SUGARS?
• PHOSPHATE BOND
• TRUE OR FALSE:
ALL MUTATIONS ARE HARMFUL.
FALSE
• TRUE OR FALSE:
POINT MUTATIONS ARE LESS HARMFUL THAN FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS.
TRUE
• TRUE OR FALSE:
POINT MUTATIONS CAN BE FOUND IN BOTH REPRODUCTIVE CELLS AND BODY CELLS.
TRUE
• TRUE OR FALSE:
GENES ON THE CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE A FEW DNA CHAINS.
FALSE
• TRUE OR FALSE:
ALL ORGANISMS HAVE THE SAME ORDER FOR THEIR DNA.
FALSE
• TRUE OR FALSE:
THERE MUST BE A STARTING AND A STOPPING CODON.
TRUE
• WHAT ARE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAUSE CHANGE IN DNA CALLED?
• MUTAGENS
• WHERE ARE THE PROTEINS MADE?
• RIBOSOMES
• WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME AND INSERTED IN A DIFFERENT CHROMOSOME THIS MUTATION IS CALLED?
• TRANSLOCATION
• WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME IS INSERTED BACKWARDS THIS MUTATION IS CALLED?
• INVERSION
• WHEN AN EXTRA PART OF A CHROMOSOME IS ADDED CAUSING A DUPLICATION OF GENES THIS MUTATION IS CALLED?
• INSERTION
• WHICH IS FOUND ONLY IN THE NUCLEUS? DNA OR RNA
• DNA
• WHICH ONE MAKES THE PROTEINS? DNA OR RNA
• RNA
• WHAT DETERMINES THE TYPE OF PROTEIN BUILT BY THE CELL?
• ARRANGEMEN OF DNA BASES
• WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME AND INSERTED IN A DIFFERENT CHROMOSOME THIS MUTATION IS CALLED?
• TRANSLOCATION
• IF ALL CELLS CONTAIN THE SAME DNA WHY ARE THEY DIFFERENT OR WHY DO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS?
• PART OF IT IS TURNED OFF
• WHAT ARE PROTEINS MADE OF?
• AMINO ACIDS
• MUTATIONS IN BODY CELLS MAY RESULT IN WHAT PROBLEM THAT MAY KILL MANY PEOPLE?
• CANCER
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS ARE ESPECIALLY COMMON IN WHAT TYPE OF ORGANISMS?
PLANTS
• MANY CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS RESULT WHEN CHROMOSOMES FAIL TO SEPARATE DURING WHAT PROCESS?
• MEIOSIS
• THE END
• STUDY YOUR NOTES AND QUESTIONS