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MARS PATHFINDER BATTERYPERFORMANCE
6,C_
B. OTZINGER, D. PERRONE, S. DAWSON, T. VALDEZ
S. SURAMPUDI , R. EWELL, M. SHIRBACHEH,
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NASA BATTERY WORKSHOP
HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA
NOVEMBER 18-20, 1997
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990017678 2020-06-18T00:45:23+00:00Z
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JPL
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OUTLINE
° MISSION REQUIREMENTS
° BATTERY DESIGN FEATURES
" BATTERY OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
• BATTERY PERFORMANCE- PRELAUNCH
- CRUISE
- EDL
- MARS OPERATIONS
° SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
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MISSION REQUIREMENTS
• PRE LAUNCH 4 MONTH ACTIVE INVERTED STORAGE
• LAUNCH INVERTED BATTERY LAUNCH
C,1",3I
• CRUISE
• EDL
7 MONTH ACTIVE STORAGE
40 AH, 1080 WH
• MARS OPR. CYCLES 30 CYCLES(1CYCLE/DAY, 8HOUR CHARGE 16 HOURDISCHARGE) 50% DOD
• WEIGHT 15 KG
• DIMENSIONS 9.8" x 7.4" x 7.4"
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL OGLES GR 0 UP5:
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MPF BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS
• VOLTAGE 27 V
• CAPACITY 40 Ah
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• RATE CAPABILITY 1-5 A
PULSE CAPABILITY 40 A FOR 40 MSEC
• CYCLE LIFE 40
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• WET LIFE 14 MONTHS
• WEIGHT 15 KG
• DIMENSIONS 9.8" x 7.4" x 7.4"
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL OGLES GR 0 UP
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KEY CELL DESIGN FEATURES
• Robust separator system - 5 layers of cellophane and 2 layers of polymer membrane.To achmevelong calendar and cycle hfe
_ • Triple redundant case-to-cover seal including basic ultrasonic seal.To prevent electrolyte leakageTo improve safety
• Large cell plate area - approximately 200 square inches.Low temperature operatmon"
For enhanced pyro-firing
• Unique leak-free cell vent valves.
For inverted battery operation
allow gas venting under off-limit operation
• Minimal free electrolyte
For inverted battery operation
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL OGLES GR 0 UP
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_JPL
KEY BATTERY DESIGNFEATURES
& PROCESS
• Titanium fabricated battery case with sealable cover and gasket.Light weight constructiongas and electrolyte containment
c_
• Battery vent valve and pressurization port.
Redundant valve to protect cells from electrolyte loss
• Battery heater and two temperature sensors.
Thermal management for charge control
• Over-pot of cells,, surface conformal coating, connector back side pottingelectrolyte absorptmn system.
Prevent ionic conductive pathsImprove safety
and
•Cell Matching and selectionExtend cycle life
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
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JPL
"I KEY BATTERY OPERATING STRATEGIES
• Battery was mounted inverted and maintained at 12 C during pre-launch andlaunch Phases
•Battery was partially dischar ed to o,, . _ g _ 80 YoSOC and on open circuit stand, at -5 tou aegrees C, during 7 Month cruise period.
• Battery was charged at end of cruise through 1.2 Ohm resistor to 0.2 A cut-offand 1.95 V I cell Ave.
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• Battery was heated to 15 to 20 degrees C prior to all charges.
• Battery was charged during Mars operations without resistor to a selectiveshunt limiter controlled maximum volta,-,- o: .... ,- ....
......... . . _. o,x vu_tage settings were availablew=tn 1.95 v / cell Ave.., the nom,nal full charge selection.
• Battery was taper charged !o a constant shunt limiter voltage, 1.95 V /Ave.. well below the 2 V. I,m,t e'----' .... .,. ..... cellfull charge result. ,,,_,,uy=u i, constant current charging with same
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES GR O UP
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_JPL
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BATTERY CAPACITY VS CHARGE VOLTAGE
55
MARS PATHFINDER - 16 8ST Ag-Zn CELLS WITH 2+5 SEPARATOR SYSTEM
CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGE CHARACTERISTIC FOR NEW CELLS WITH 4.5 AMPERE INRUSH AT
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ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
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_JPL
, MARS Pathfinder Power System Configuration Relays
GSE/Cruise Solar Array
Deadface
Main B_Relay
Z_ Qk u,oae _ Battery
I _, _ypass \ Charge
I ffelay l_ Relay
Bus Return
Battery
it
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Isolation
Relay
-- ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
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JPL
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
• The first use of a silver-zinc battery in a spacecraft application thatcalled for extensive rechargeable operation after 12 months of activestand hasproven to be very successful.
BST has developed a silver-zinc battery with unique design featuresfor the Mars Pathfinder mission.
• JPL has developed battery management strategies to meet the MarsPathfinder mission requirements.
- Partial SOC at low temperature and open circuit stand was found to bethe most effective method for insuring extensive cycle life following along period of active storage
- Silver-zinc battery charging at a reduced constant voltage was shownto provide full charge and a capability of supporting a large number ofcycles.
- Launch of an inverted silver-zinc battery was shown to be possiblewhen a leak free cell vent valve is employed.
- The use of a silver-zinc battery and shunt limiter in a direct energytransfer power system resulted in a very energy efficient designapproach.
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES GR 0 UP
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The work described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES GROUP