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B1 Quick Revision Questions
B1 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
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Question 1
• Name the 4 components that are found in an Animal Cell
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• Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane & Cytoplasm.
Answer 1 .... of 50
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Question 2
• Name the other components found in Plant Cells
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• Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane & Cytoplasm.
Answer 2 .... of 50
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Question 3
• What is the equation for Magnification
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• Total Magnification = Magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective lens
Answer 3 .... of 50
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Question 4
• Explain why the magnification of a cell in a book is important but not when viewing a cell
on a website?
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• Computer’s can zoom in on a cell which makes the magnification useless whereas in a call, the magnification can not be changed
Answer 4 .... of 50
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Question 5
• What 2 cells are known as Eukaryotic Cells
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• Plant and Animal Cells
Answer 5 .... of 50
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Question 6
• What are the differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
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• Chromosomes instead of Nucleus
• Has a Flagellum for movement
Answer 6 .... of 50
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Question 7
• What are the 3 classifications of living organisms
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• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukaryota
Answer 7 .... of 50
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Question 8
• Who created the classification system in 1977?
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• Carl Woese
Answer 8 .... of 50
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Question 9
• How many chromosomes are found in Humans
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• 46 (23 Pairs)
Answer 9 .... of 50
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Question 10
• When the chromosomes are organised in a Karyotype, how are they organised?
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• In size
Answer 10 .... of 50
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Question 11
• When a cell divides into two, what is it called?
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• Mitosis
Answer 11 .... of 50
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Question 12
• What are the new cells formed called?
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• Daughter cells
Answer 12 .... of 50
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Question 13
• True or False
• When a cell divides into two, is it genetically identical to it’s previous cell?
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• True
Answer 13 .... of 50
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Question 14
• Suggest why a baby’s cell will be performing mitosis more than an Adult’s cell
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• A baby will be growing much quicker than an adult which means it requires more cells in order for this to happen
Answer 14 .... of 50
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Question 15
• In what ways has a sperm cell adapted to it’s function?
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• A tail that allows it to swim
• A hard, pointed head to penetrate the egg
• Only has 23 chromosomes
• Acrosome containing digestive enzymes
• Many mitochondria to provide energy
• Streamlined shape
Answer 15 .... of 50
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Question 16
• Arrange the following in ascending order of size:
System
Cell
Human body
Organ
Tissue
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• Human body
• System
• Organ
• Tissue
• Cell
Answer 16 .... of 50
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Question 17
• How is a nerve cell adapted to its function?
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• Extensions on cell body to connect with other nerve cells
• Long length – to pass information over long distances
• Myelin sheath – to make it quicker and to provide insulation
Answer 17 .... of 50
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Question 18
• What are the 2 types of tumour called?
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• Benign
• Malignant
Answer 18 .... of 50
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Question 19
• Explain why a tumour needs a blood supply
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• Blood supply is needed to give the tumour food and oxygen.
Answer 19 .... of 50
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Question 20
• What is the name of the name of the process by which cells acquire certain features for a specific
function?
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Answer 20 .... of 50
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Differentiation
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Question 21
• What is the names for the chemicals that cause cancer?
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Carcinogens
Answer 21 .... of 50
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Question 22
• What is the name for a sudden change in the DNA?
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• Mutation
Answer 22 .... of 50
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Question 23
• What are the other agents that can cause cancer?
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• Viruses
• Chemicals in the home, industry or environment
• Ionising radiation
• Ultraviolet radiation
• Lifestyle choices e.g. Alcohol and diet
Answer 23 .... of 50
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Question 24
• What is a stem cell?
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• Unspecialised cells that can make many different types of cell
Answer 24 .... of 50
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Question 25
• What is the function of an adult stem cell?
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• To replace body cells that die through injury or disease. Making only the type of tissue where they are found e.g. Blood, muscle.
Answer 25 .... of 50
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Question 26
• Which type of stem cells can differentiate into many cell types
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• Embryonic stem cells
Answer 26 .... of 50
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Question 27
• What can stem cell transplants be used to treat?
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• Injuries leading to paralysis
• Conditions in which body cells degenerate
• Cancer or following cancer treatment
Answer 27 .... of 50
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Question 27
• What can stem cell transplants be used to treat?
.... of 50
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• Injuries leading to paralysis
• Conditions in which body cells degenerate e.g. Alzheimer’s, diabetes and MS
• Cancer or following cancer treatment
Answer 27 .... of 50
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Question 28
• What is the law relating to stem cell use in Britain?
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• Embryos can now be created for scientific research
Answer 28 .... of 50
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Question 29
• What is meant by a moral and an ethical question?
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• Moral – whether something is right or wrong
• Ethical – the reasons why it might be right or wrong.
Answer 29 .... of 50
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Question 30
• Why must stem cells be a close match to the patient?
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• Avoids rejection and less use of immunosuppressant drugs
Answer 30 .... of 50
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Question 31
• What is therapeutic cloning?
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• Producing stem cells with the same genes as the patient.
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Question 32
• Describe the steps in therapeutic cloning?
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• Nucleus is removed from an egg cell
• Nucleus is removed from the cell of the patient
• This nucleus is placed in the empty egg cell
• Cell is stimulated to divide
• The embryo is grown
• Stem cells from the embryo are cultured
Answer 32 .... of 50
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Question 33
• What is the name for respiration with oxygen?
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• Aerobic respiration
Answer 33 .... of 50
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Question 34
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
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• Oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + water
Answer 34 .... of 50
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Question 35
• What type of reaction is aerobic respiration?
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• Exothermic
Answer 35 .... of 50
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Question 36
• Where does aerobic respiration take place?
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• Mitochondria
Answer 36 .... of 50
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Question 37
• What is the name for respiration without oxygen?
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• Anerobic respiration
Answer 37 .... of 50
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Question 38
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals and in yeast?
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• Animals - Glucose lactic acid
• Yeast – glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide
Answer 38 .... of 50
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Question 39
• What is another name for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
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• Fermentation
Answer 39 .... of 50
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Question 40
• What is oxygen debt?
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• The amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid after exercise
Answer 40 .... of 50
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Question 41
• What is the problem with a build up of lactic acid?
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• Muscle fatigue/cramp
Answer 41 .... of 50
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Question 42
• Why is aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration?
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• Much more energy is produced in aerobic respiration for each glucose molecule respired.
Answer 42 .... of 50
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Question 43
Separate science only
What is an aseptic technique?
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• A technique which ensures there is no contamination and everything is sterile
Answer 43 .... of 50
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Question 44
• Separate science only
• What is the term used when bacteria reproduce?
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• Binary fission
Answer 44 .... of 50
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Question 45
• Separate science only
• On a growth curve what is the lag phase, exponential growth phase, stationary phase and
death phase?
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• lag phase – no reproduction but growth of proteins/DNA cell
• exponential growth phase – rapid growth using available food
• stationary phase – death rate = growth rate as food is being used up
• and death phase – death rate increases as toxins build up in the culture
Answer 45 .... of 50
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Question 46
• Separate science only
• How would you measure the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics
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• The larger the clear area around the antibiotic the more effective it is.
Answer 46 .... of 50
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Question 47
• Separate science only
• What temperature are agar plates incubated at?
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• In industry at 37 oC but in the lab at 25 oC to avoid growing pathogens.
Answer 47 .... of 50
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Question 48
• Separate science only
• What is MRSA?
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• A multi resistant bacterium.
Answer 48 .... of 50
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Question 49
• Separate science only
• What is an antiseptic?
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• A chemical that destroys bacteria outside the body
Answer 49 .... of 50
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Question 50
• Separate science only
• Explain how you would inoculate an agar plate
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• Flame the loop to kill bacteria
• Take a loop of the sample
• Open the petri dish away from your face
• Carefully streak the plate
• Avoid damaging the surface
• Flame the loop to sterilise it
• Sellotape two points on the petri dish
Answer 50 .... of 50
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