Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 1)
Corenet)Breakfast)session)“A8racHve)campuses”)April)24,)2014))
Campus of the future Key asset in the battle for brains
Dr. ir. Alexandra den Heijer
associate professor Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands
hand-out of this presentation: http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl/
downloads
CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
2. The campus of the future: opportunities and threats (PRACTICE) 3. Guidelines for decision makers (STRATEGY)
CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
PHYSICAL definition of “campus”
city city
campus
campus
city buildings
buildings
buildings
buildings
the)“campus”)is)defined)as)the)(collecHon)of))buildings)and)land,)used)for)university)or)university3related)funcHons))
FUNCTIONAL definition of “campus”
ACADEMIC: EDUCATION &
RESEARCH
RETAIL & LEISURE
RELATED BUSINESS
RESIDENTIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
• ACADEMIC classrooms, library, offices, laboratories, lecture halls, ...
• RESIDENTIAL student housing, hotels, ...
• RELATED BUSINESS start-ups, incubators, industry, ...
• RETAIL & LEISURE sports, restaurants, cafes, ...
• INFRASTRUCTURE
Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 2)
The campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
good$facili*es$can$a.ract$talent$
bad$facili*es$can$chase$them$away…$$
Why study abroad? Reasons (not) to go)
reasons'to'go'
1. academic)reputaHon ) )25%)3)professors,)programme,))teaching)method,)rankings)))))
2. country)/)city)/)culture )24%))))
3. career)development ) )18%)3)employability,)learning)the)language,))personal/intercultural)relaHons)))))
4. university)services ) )17%)5. social)life ) ) ) )11%)
3)quality)of)life,)friends,)love))
reasons'not'to'go'
1. academic)reputaHon ) ) )58%)3)English)language)skills)of)staff,))workload)
2. city)/)culture) ) ) ) )18%)3)lack)of)integraHon)
3. social)life ) ) ) ) )10%)3)lack)of)organised)events)
4. university)services ) ) )10%)
source:)European)study)choice)plaVorm)“Study)Portals”)(2012))
Campus more important than we think...
UK research (HEDQF 2012) showed that 1/3 of all students admit to have rejected a university based
on the (poor quality* of) the physical environment.
*That does not necessarily mean “buildings in bad condition”, but could also refer to an isolated campus or lack of social space.
The campus is a key asset in “the Battle for Brains”
for global competition in attracting talent
for productivity – workplace for future student / faculty / staff for profitability – finding most effective way to spend budget
for sustainable development – footprint – m2 / user
competitive advantage
RANKING MARKET SHARE
productivity
QUALITY & QUANTITY OUTPUT
profitability
FINANCIAL RESOURCES (€)
sustainable development
RESOURCES ( m2 - CO2 )
performance)criteria)university)
proposiHon:)))
each'campus'decision'about'WORKPLACE,'BUILDING,'LOCATION'
posiCvely'or'negaCvely''affects'these'4'performance'criteria'
goal)of)“managing)the)university)campus”:))find)estate)strategy)that)opHmally)contributes)to)all)performance)criteria)
)
CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
2. The campus of the future: opportunities and threats (PRACTICE)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 3)
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)an)enabler)for)Europe)2020
European)campus)as)a)disabler)for)Europe)2020
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)an)enabler)for)Europe)2020
! Where technology campuses are located, innovation takes place ! Relation economic growth and presence (top-ranked) university
North America
Asia-Pacific
Europe
Universities as urban growth engines
more info: researcher Flavia Curvelo Magdaniel – see http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)an)enabler)for)Europe)2020
Campus)of)the)future:))• more)quality,)less)quanHty)• new)life)for)old)buildings)• increase)benefits)/)m2)to)cover)
high)maintenance)cost)/)m2)• users)accept)more)defects)of)
meaningful,)historic)buildings)
photo)Maastricht)University)
InternaHonal)references:)3 )Heidelberg)3 )Uppsala)3 )Sorbonne)/)Paris)3 )Glasgow)3 )Gent)
Uppsala,)Sweden)
Paris,)France) Heidelberg,)Germany)
Glasgow,)UK)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 4)
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)an)enabler)for)Europe)2020
proposition (PhD defence)
The campus of the future is a city
El)campus)del)futuro)es)una)ciudad.)))Le)campus)de)l'avenir)est)une)ville.)))Der)Campus)der)Zukunc)ist)eine)Stadt.))Kampus)budoucnosH)je)město.))FramHdens)campus)är)en)stad.))De)campus)van)de)toekomst)is)een)stad.))
column'June'2013'hOp://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl'
Campus of the future: “univer-city”
(photo Groningen)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 5)
Rural)campus)UPM/Politécnica)New'campus'• subsidized)by)the)EU)• computer)sciences,))
biotech,)chemistry,))planetarium)etc.)
• incubators)
our)percepHon)3 no)sense)of)Madrid)(accessible)
with)a)hourly)bus)service))3 no)place)to)meet)–)distances)
between)buildings)do)not)encourage)to)share)
3 is)there)going)to)be)enough)demand)for)this)campus?) source:)HOI)study)trip)2012)
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)an)enabler)for)Europe)2020
1. Universities as economic growth engines: “place matters”
2. Europe’s knowledge economy accommodated in cultural heritage buildings
3. European “univer-cities” are considered attractive places to live, work, be...
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)a)disabler)for)Europe)2020
Technical condition campus potential risk
Netherlands France ! Physical))
Total)Built)Surfaces)GFA) ) 18.600.000)m2)Owned)by)the)state) ) 82%)Land) ) ) ) 5.950)ha))University)Real)Estate)Condition)Required(intervention(expressed(as(a(%(of(replacement(cost(|20%,(40%,(60%,(80%,(100%()))!
!
33%
32%
21%
10%4%
!
Grade %)of)m2A 33%B 32%C 21%D 10%E 4%
11%
30%
22%
22%
11%4%
excellentgoodreasonablemoderatebadvery bad
37% * 4,4 mln = 1,7 mln m2 needs reinvestment in NL
35% * 18,6 mln = 6,5 mln m2 needs reinvestment in France
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)a)disabler)for)Europe)2020
Space types on campus, example NL sanitary
3% storage10%
special storage2%
office33%
support10%
restaurant4%
education16%
specific, incl. laboratories
21%
residential1%
Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 6)
Campus of the future: - changing the academic workplace " space use < 20% of workplaces used
Campus of the future (challenge): - changing the academic workplace
Campus of the future: - sharing laboratories and other expensive facilities avoid vacancy + redundancy
Campus of the future: - intensive and flexible use of high quality facilities
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)a)disabler)for)Europe)2020
UU-4 RU-1 RUG-3 TUD-3 RUG-2 UU-5 RUG-5 EUR-2
Utrecht / UU Nijmegen / RU Groningen / RUG Delft / TUD Groningen / RUG Utrecht / UU Groningen / RUG Rotterdam / EUR
WU-2 TUE-4 UT-1 UT-3 WU-1 EUR-1 TUD-1 TUE-2
Wageningen / WU Eindhoven / TUE Enschede / UT Enschede / UT Wageningen / WU Rotterdam / EUR Delft / TUD Eindhoven / TUE
RUG-4 LEI-1 UvA-1 TUD-2 UT-2 VU-2 RUG-6 LEI-2
Groningen / RUG Leiden / LEI Amsterdam / UvA Delft / TUD Enschede / UT Amsterdam / VU Groningen / RUG Leiden / LEI
UU-3 VU-1 UvT-1 UM-2 WU-3 EUR-3 RUG-1 UM-3
Utrecht / UU Amsterdam / VU Tilburg / UvT Maastricht / UM Wageningen / WU Rotterdam / EUR Groningen / RUG Maastricht / UM
RU-2 UvA-2 UU-1 TUE-1 UU-2 UM-1 TUE-3 TUD-4
Nijmegen / RU Amsterdam / UvA Utrecht / UU Eindhoven / TUE Utrecht / UU Maastricht / UM Eindhoven / TUE Delft/TUD
(re)investment costs: € 500 - € 4000 / m2 gross floor area (price level 2011)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 7)
Campus of the future: - sustainable solutions - CO2 neutral campus (photo: Wageningen)
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)a)disabler)for)Europe)2020
1. > 50% from 1960s/70s 2. bad functional / technical
state: reinvestments required 3. low utilization rates: high
vacancy rates of offices, laboratories, classrooms
4. campus 10-15% of total costs 5. negatively affects “financial
sustainability” of universities
The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”
European)campus)as)an)enabler)for)Europe)2020
1. Universities as economic growth engines: “place matters”
2. Europe’s knowledge economy accommodated in cultural heritage buildings
3. European “univer-cities” are considered attractive places to live, work, be...
European)campus)as)a)disabler)for)Europe)2020
1. > 50% from 1960s/70s 2. bad functional / technical
state, unsustainable buildings 3. low utilization rates: high
vacancy rates of offices, laboratories, classrooms
4. campus 10-15% of total costs 5. negatively affects “financial
sustainability” of universities
for European Commission, Brussels October 22, 2013 Alexandra den Heijer
CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)
2. The campus of the future: opportunities and threats (PRACTICE)
3. Guidelines for decision makers (STRATEGY)
the academic workplace workplace university building city
TRADE-OFF
one territorial workplace many non-territorial places (to share) quantity of space quality of place
Campus of the future: - transparency of processes to inspire and learn from each other
Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 8)
students)and)academic)staff)sharing)workspace)"))reducing)the)footprint,)improving)interacHon)
Library:)quiet)place)to)study)
From literature: what generates innovation?)
1. Interaction – between academic ‘acquaintances’ from different scientific backgrounds – is better than ‘academic friends’ or ‘academic family’ (analogy: genetics)
2. Serendipity as innovation motor – new ideas by accident, unplanned interaction
3. The physical presence of people relevant to universities – ‘meeting of minds’
4. “No clicks without bricks” – no world-class university can be entirely virtual
5. Informal meetings: build trust (biology matters) – (espresso) bars, public space, social media contribute to that
6. Importance of place attachment " 2nd home for international community – ‘feeling at home’ will make knowledge workers stay (1st house, 1st child)
more)info:)researcher)Salome)BenHnck)–)see)h8p://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl))
SHmulate)social)interacHon)&)intellectual)interacHon)
from:'hOp://www.bbc.com/news/businessT26925463''“Online'students'can’t'help'being'sociable”'(April'9,'2014)''It'was'a'revoluCon'moving'higher'educaCon'from'bricks'to'clicks…'and'now'it's'started'to'go'back'to'bricks'again.')Online)university)providers,)which)offered)people)the)chance)to)study)from)home,)are)turning)full)circle)by)creaHng)a)network)of)learning)centres)where)students)can)meet)and)study)together.))Instead)of)demolishing)the)dusty)old)classrooms)of)academia,)the)online)university)revoluHon)is)responsible)for)opening)some)new)ones.))Coursera,)a)major)California3based)provider)of)online)courses,)is)creaHng)an)internaHonal)network)of)"learning)hubs",)where)students)can)follow)these)virtual)courses)in)real3life,)bricks)and)mortar)seongs.))They're)scheduled)and)arranged)online,)with)the)only)vital)ingredients)being)a)laptop,)wi3fi)and)somewhere)to)talk.)
“The)typical)compleHon)rate)for)a)MOOC)is)about)5%)to)10%.))For)MOOC)students)(“Moocers”))a8ending)learning)hubs,)the)compleHon)rates)are)between)30%)and)100%.”))Source:)Coursera))(7)mln)students))
photos: DUWO
Community)building)
Alexandra)den)Heijer) April)24,)2014)3)Corenet)
h8p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 9)
Private)")Public)space)
Campus of the future: - creating the place to meet (photo: Delft)
luchtfoto campus
The campus of the future is a city The city of the future is a campus (univer-city)
1. use heritage for branding – students* become tourists 2. reduce the footprint – densily populated areas contribute to innovation 3. less private, more public use of space – showcase, open, 24/7 access 4. ‘urban meeting rooms’ – to merge urban and university communities 5. regional alignment – planning in a public-private network
* and other knowledge workers)
Follow me on Twitter: @alexandra_dh
More about the book and research “Managing the university campus”:
http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl
(see DOWNLOADS for hand-out)