Download - Cancer Prevention
CANCER
• Cancer is a large group of diseases (over 200) characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.*
What Is Cancer?
*American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2005
Normal Cells Vs. Cancer Cells
• Cancer cells:– Lose control over growth
and multiplication
– Do not self-destruct when they become worn out or damaged
– Crowd out healthy cells
TYPES OF TUMORS
Growth of Cancer Cells
• Size of cancer cells: – One million
cancer cells = head of a pin
– One billion cancer cells = a small grape
– 230 = 1,073,741,824 = 1 billion cells
2-6 weeks
Cancer cells reproduce every 2-6 weeks.
2-6 weeks
2-6 weeks
What Causes Cancer?
Lifestyle
Environment
Family History
Environmental factors• Tobacco• Alcohol• Dietary Factors• Occupational exposures• Viruses• Parasites• Customs ,habits, Lifestyles• Others – sunlight, pollution,
drugs
GeneticEg• Retinoblastoma in Children• Leukemia in Mongols
CAUSES OF CANCER
Lifestyle Risks
• Smoking
• Diet high fat and low in fruits and vegetables
• Lack of exercise
• Unprotected exposure to the sun, (UV) rays
• Obesity
Environmental Risks
• Second hand smoke
• Air pollution
• Industrial pollution
• Chemical exposures
Inherited Risks
• Less than 15% of cancers are inherited
• Gene mutations are linked to some inherited cancers
• Cancers that may be caused by inherited gene mutations are:– Colon cancer– Breast cancer– Ovarian– Prostate cancer– Skin cancer
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Early cancer no symptoms• Change in bowel habits or bladder functions• Sores that do not heal• Unusual bleeding or discharge• Lumps or thickening of breast or other parts of
the body• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing• Recent change in wart or mole• Persistent coughing or hoarseness
TYPES OF CANCER
• lung cancer• Breast cancer• Colon and rectal cancer• Endometrial cancer• Pancreatic cancer• Kidney cancer• Prostrate cancer• Thyroid cancer• leukemia
Factors Believed to Contribute to Global Causes of Cancer
DIAGNOSIS
• Screening • Self examinations• Biopsy• X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and
ultrasound scans • Molecular diagnostic test
TREATMENTS
• Surgery• Radiotherapy• Chemotherapy• Immunotherapy• Hormone therapy• Gene therapy• Cancer-specific immune system cells to treat
cancer
EPIDEMOLOGY OF CANCER
Preventive measures of Cancer
o physical activities
o avoiding obesities
o healthy dietary practices
o reducing occupational and environmental exposures
o reducing alcohol uses
o immunization against hepatitis B virus
o safe sexual practices for avoiding cancer genesis
Fruits and Vegetables Decrease Cancer Risks
• Cancer rates could decline by up to 20% if everyone consumed 5 fruits and vegetables a day!*
• Cancer fighting substances:– Antioxidants– Dietary fiber– Carotenoids– Flavenoids*American Institute for Cancer Research, 1998.
Limit Alcohol to No More Than
• Avoid alcohol drinking • Use of unnecessary
drugs• Protect relationship---
disease is NOT a friend
Avoid Smoking or Chewing Tobacco
• Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death
• Second hand smoke affects everyone
Screening Tests and Self-exams
Screening tests:• Colon • Breast• Cervical • Prostate
Self-exams:• Testicular• Skin
Why Screening Tests?
The treatment of cancer is most successful when the cancer is detected as early as possible, often before symptoms occur.
Good News!
Other Ways to Reduce the Risks of Developing
Cancer…
Bangladesh
• Bangladesh has reduced child mortality by 71% against 2015 MDGs target of 66%.
• Non- Communicable diseases (NCD) are major disease burden on health systems.
• Cancer, Cardiovascular , Kidney diseases are following the top 10 list
• Urban pop will need more comprehensive and specialized services
• Lack of specialized health facilities and trained professionals that complicated health services
• Patients are ready to pay for quality services
Global Mortality Projections, 2004 to 2030
WHO Global Burden of Disease 2004 Report
Thank You