Capacity Building forNational/Regional Innovation in LAC
CountriesPresented at
The Third Meeting of Ministers and High Authorities ofScience and Technology of OAS
Panama City, Panama
November 17, 2011
Yongsuk Jang, Ph.D.Research [email protected]
Korea's Economic Development, 1953-2010
$67(1953)
$20,759(2010)
Source: The Bank of Korea • 1953-1970: Per Capita GNP (current US$, 1975 base
year)• 1971-2010: Per Capita GNI (current US$, 2005 base year)
11th Largest Economy
2nd Poorest Country
Roles of STI Policy in Korean Development
Period 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010~
Era Export-Oriented
Export-led Economic Liberalization
Democrat. Advancement
Global Leading
Focused Industries
Light Industries
Heavy Industries
Assembly & Processing Industries
ICT Knowledge Intensive Industries
Knowl. Service/New Converging/Green Ind.
Compet. Factor
Cheap Labor Skilled Labor Capital Investment
Technologies
S&T Innovation
Advanced S&T Innovation
Demanding S&T HR
Skilled HR Technical HR
Higher S&E High Caliber S&E
Creative S&E
Creative & Converging S&E
Demanding Tech.
Plant Mgt. Facility M&O Mfg. Core Tech. Endogenous Tech.
Source Tech.
S&T Policy Turn-key Capital Import/ Tech. Learning
Internalizing Imported Tech./ Reverse Eng.
Modify Imported Tech./ Develop Domestic Tech.
Advancing Tech. Catch-up/ Large Gov. R&D Prog.
Focus on endogenous tech./ Systemize S&T Prog.
Globalize S&T/ Focus on ConvergenceParadig
mChange
Imitation Catching-Up InnovationEndogenous Innovation
Evolution of Korean STI Policy
1982
Institutional Building
Technology Catching-Up
S&T Leadership
1981197119671962 1987 1991 1997 20041966
Korea Institute of S&T (KIST)
1992
Korea Advanced Institute of Science (KAIS)
National R&D Program (NRP)
Ministry of S&T (MOST)
Technology Development Promotion Act
Industrial Generic Technology Development
Program (IGTDP)
Deputy Prime Minister of MOST
(OSTI)
Information and Communication R&D
Program (ICRP)
Highly Advanced National Project
(HAN)
1st 5-Year Economic Plan Financial
Crisis
2008
Current Admin.
MEST & MKE
Industrial Shifts: Demands and Supplies
Light Industries
Heavy Industries
Assembly & Processing Industries
IT Industries
New Growth Engines
Demand Side
Supply Side
•Self-Sustain•Import-
Subs.
•Import Protectio
n•Export-Orient
•Mfg. Capacity•Industrial Seeds
•Open Market
•Higher Value-added
•Industrial
Diversification
•Import Tech.•Tech.
Capability
•Expand R&D
•Skilled HR
•Demand-oriented Innovatio
n
•Endogenous Tech.
“Select and Focus”
Trends of Public vs. Private R&D Investment in Korea
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Private Share, %
Gov. Share, %
Source: MEST (www.mest.go.kr)
Focused on Market !
• The Core of the Success = Capacity Building• Always focused on Self-sustaining Capacity Building• Learning, Absorbing and Internalizing Imported Tech.• Now focusing on Endogenous Innovation Capacities
• Knowledge Sharing• Foreign Aid helped Korean Development a lot• Became the only Country transformed from ODA Recipient to Donor Country by joining the OECD/DAC in Nov. 2009• Time to Share Rich Korean Experiences
• Korean Strategy to Share Knowledge• Focus on Self-sustaining Capacity Building for Development• “Teach Fishing rather than Give Fishes out” => STI• Integrate the Korea’s Development Experiences• As Part of Science Diplomacy
The Core is Self-Sustaining Capacity Building
Science, Technology, &
Innovation Strategy
S&T Human Resources
Dev.
S&T Infrastructure
Building
Capacity Building for
Self-sustaining
Dev.
- Feasibility Study- Institutional Building (incl. Laws)- S&T Basic Plan- HRD Basic Plan- Regional Dev.- Monitoring & Evaluation
- S&E Higher Ed.- Technical/Research Training- S&E Dispatch/ Hosting- Teacher Training- Facility Mgt.- R&D Activities
- Research Institutes- S&T Universities- Lab. Install- S&T Facilities- S&T Equipments- Maintenance
Hardware
Software
Strategy
Core Components of Self-sustaining Capacity Building
• Establish regional think tanks in selected LAC regions
• Share Korean Experiences through Coaching
• Develop Specific Innovation Projects
• Create a LAC Innovation Network (LACIN)
A Proposal to IADB
Self-Sustaining Capacity for National/Regional
Innovation
Program Structure
Main Activities
RegionalInnovation
RIS Review
Think-Tank
StrategiesSTEPI Team
Programs
IADBInternational
Advisory Experts Group
Other Funding Sources
Local Stakeholder
Local Authorities
LAC Regional Innovation Network Diffuse to
Other LAC Regions
Coaching
11
STEPI: A Global Think-Tank
President
Prime Minister
NRCSThe National
Research Council for Economics,
Humanities and Social Sciences
KRCFKorea Research
Council of Fundamental S&T
(13 GRIs)
MKEMinistry of
Knowledge Economy
MESTMinistry of Education,
Science and Technology
STEPIScience and
Technology Policy Institute
KOCIKorea Research
Council for Industrial S&T
(13 GRIs)
A Government-sponsored Research Institute (GRI) for S&T Policy
• Identifies policy issues to effectively deal with future challenges
• Conducts research and analyses on the issues pertaining to science, technology and innovation
• Provides government agencies with policy ideas and suggestions for the promotion of innovation
• Suggests strategic options in technology development for the government as well as industries
• Collaborates with Global and Local Partners for Better STI Strategies
STEPI: Roles and functions
• IADB’s New Guidelines for Technical Cooperation (TC)
• Require the Country and IDB’s Country Office to Prepare “Country Programming Document (CPD) with a list of activities• So this proposal should be included in your Country’s CPD
• If interested;• Acquire detailed information on this Proposal (A full Proposal is under development), if interested• Contact your IDB corresponding line Ministry, normally Ministry of Finance or Planning• Make sure them to include this proposal in your CPD• Alternatively, Send me an official request and non-objection Letter signed by the IDB corresponding line Ministry, which will be accompanied with the submission of full proposal
• Korea will also Support• IDB’s Korea Trust Fund (KTF)• Other Funding Sources
Next Steps
Thank You!Thank You!
For Further Comments & Questions;For Further Comments & Questions;
Yongsuk JangYongsuk [email protected]@stepi.re.kr