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Capacity: The Hidden Treasure in Energy Efficiency
Jennifer Light & Lakin GarthEE as a Resource
November 1, 2017
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Overview
Share a project the Regional Technical Forum is doing to support systematic review of the quality of capacity savings benefits estimated from energy efficiency Background and context Project goals Work to date and plans for completion
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BACKGROUND
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Northwest Power and Conservation Council
Interstate compact agency formed in 1980 by the Northwest Power Act
Core Roles: Conduct regional power plan to ensure
“an adequate, efficient, economical, and reliable power supply”
Work to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife resources associated with the BPA system
Work through a public stakeholder process
Funded by the Bonneville Power Administration
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Regional Technical ForumAdvisory Committee to the Council established in 1999
Core roles: Develop standard methods for
estimating and verifying energy savings
Help region meets the Council’stargets for cost-effective efficiency, and track progress
Publicly available materials
Funded by regional utilities
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Seventh Plan Resource Portfolio
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‐
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Cumulative Re
source Develop
men
t (aM
W) Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Natural Gas ‐ New
Energy Efficiency
‐
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Cumulative Re
source Develop
men
t (MW) Renewable
DR
Natural Gas ‐ New
Energy Efficiency
Mean resource build for least‐cost resource portfolio
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Seventh Power Plan Key Findings Region has a need for energy and capacity now Efficiency and demand response are the least-cost
resources to meet nearly all forecast growth Minimal variance in efficiency builds across many
futures and scenarios tested Low-cost efficiency was built for economy when it
is cheaper than the market of energy Higher-Cost efficiency was built for capacity right
away, capacity needs drive the pace of efficiency buildNote: import assumptions impact the efficiency build for adequacy
Building efficiency above the spot market price of electricity is critical for a least-cost path
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
<0 <10
<20
<30
<40
<50
<60
<70
<80
<90
<100
<110
<120
<130
<140
<150
<160
<170
<180
<190
<200
>200
Technical A
chievable Po
tential (aM
W)
TRC Net Levelized Cost (2012$/MWh)
Efficiency is Cheaper than New Generation
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Spot M
arket Gas CCC
T
With constraints on imports, there is significant technical potential between
market price and the cost of a new gas plant
Gas Pea
ker
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Cost-Effectiveness More Fully Accounts for Capacity Contribution
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Flat DHP Residential AC Residential Streetlight System Load ShapeLevelized
Value of One
kWh of Savings with
B/C
Ratio
n of One
($/M
Wh)
Components of Value of Efficiency (for winter peak)
Energy Deferred T&D Expansion Deferred Generation Expansion Regional Act Credit
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Deferred generation expansion now explicitly called out
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RTF PROJECT ON CAPACITY BENEFITS
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Reliability Standards for Capacity Benefits
Council directed the RTF to:
Develop reliability requirements for estimation of capacity impacts associated with efficiency measures
Review all measures against those guidelines and provide recommendations to the region for improving reliability
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Why Do Quality Capacity Estimates Matter?
1. Need to know we can rely on this resource for adequacy
2. Cost-effectiveness depends in part on capacity impact
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Project Goals
Project expected to:
Expand existing Operational Guidelines to include capacity
Support transparent and consistent qualification of these capacity impacts
Provide insight into future load research to improve our understanding of these impacts
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CAPACITY BENEFITS PROJECT: PHASE 1
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Project Scope
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RTF Unit Energy Savings
Hourly Profile
Coincident Factor
Capacity Savings
In Scope: Developing Guidelines for assessing reliability of hourly profile
Out of Scope: RTF already has quality standards for energy savings estimate and methodology for estimating capacity savings
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Scanned for Existing Standards
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Phase 1 Findings Guidelines and methodologies exist for verifying
energy savings and calculating capacity impacts No specific guidance on assessing the reliability of
hourly profile or resulting capacity impacts
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Looking to build something new…
Phase 2
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CAPACITY BENEFITS PROJECT: PHASE 2
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Developing the Rating
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Draft guidelines provide decision rules for how the RTF determines the quality of capacity savings determined
from hourly profiles
Defining Quality
How well do the hourly profiles represent the diversity
of their constituent loads?
Are we selecting the hourly profile that gives the least
amount of uncertainty?
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Quantitative vs. Qualitative
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For profiles developed from a set of 8760-hourly observations of sample of homes/buildings, we can glean quantitative information including the variance, uncertainty, and confidence interval of the mean at each hour or by groups of hours.
This quantitative information does not address the possible biases in the sample data relative to the population. Considering the challenges of quantitative bias estimation, we seek to develop a qualitative process of evaluating the “determinants” of hourly profile quality.
Determinants The primary factors that determine the quality of an hourly profile and its application to energy efficiency measures are referred to as “determinants.”
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2. Does Profile Match?1. Identify Drivers
3. If you need a savings shape, do you have one?
NO
YES
NO
YES
Make note and de-rate final answer by 1
4. Identify Determinants
5. Rate Determinants
(3,2,1,0)
6. Weigh Determinants
(3,2,1,0)
Operational Patterns Rating
Vintage Rating
Weather Rating
Uncertainty Rating
Operational Patterns Weight
Vintage Weight
Weather Weight
Uncertainty Weight
IF ANY APPLICABLE
FINAL SCORE
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Developing the Rating
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Preliminary Assessment Considerations
First Order Considerations
Identify which measure component provides the most significant savings and its related end use
For this measure component, consider the primary drivers of energy savings
Determine if an available hourly profile matches the measure’s primary savings component’s end use
Determine the measure’s type of load impact Usage profile vs. savings profile
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Determinants
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The profile needs to represent the end use’s variance in operational patterns. These are human-driven factors.
Residential Lighting Water Heating
Drivers of savings: LEDs, hours of use, room distribution
Sample: avg. hourly N = 91 single family homes, metered data for an entire year,
Future research considerations: greater geographic distribution, additional housing types, rural vs. urban
Drivers of savings: number of occupants, water draw patterns, water heater location
Sample: avg. hourly N = 100 SF homes, metered data for an entire year
Future research considerations: new technologies, including Tier 4 HPWH
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Determinants
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The profile should represent the measure end use’s current vintage (e.g., building and equipment stock).
Weatherization Lighting Savings result from lower primary
heating system loads Most of the electric heating profiles
are very old (from 1988-89) Heating equipment and housing
stock have changed since then Older data might better reflect usage
patterns in uninsulated homes, while newer data should better reflect newer heating equipment, especially heat pumps
Technology has changed rapidly Most recent metered lighting data
(RBSA 2012-13) reflects newer housing stock and a more diverse range of lighting technologies than ELCAP (1988-89)
Both the level of load and shape have changed
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Determinants
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The profile should represent the measure’s end use temperature or weather sensitivity.
ASHP Upgrades Ductless Heat Pumps
Energy savings result from increased heat pump efficiency
Energy savings differentiate by NW heating zone
Metered sample data from 1988-89, include 26 observations and do not differ across heating zones
Energy savings result from displacing/supplementing electric resistance heating
Energy savings differentiate by NW heating zone
Metered sample data is more recent and the sample design included SF homes with DHPs in each of the three heating zones
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Determinants
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The profile’s uncertainty at the Northwest system peak should be estimated. Requires 8760-hourly observations for all sample observations. Relative precision provides an estimate of uncertainty of the sample mean.
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Next Steps
Finalize draft guidelines Apply those guidelines to the full RTF
measure suite and develop recommendation memos that provide: Recommendations for quality rating Suggestions for future end use load research
and load profile development
Refine guidelines as needed
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