Capacity to Customers (C2C)-
Review of Standards – Accommodating Responsive
Demand in ER P2/6
24th January 2013
2
C2C Standards Review – Introduction
Does ER P2/6 accommodate Demand Side Response?
Introduction
Gather your views
By VOTING!!!
MaybeNo
Yes
3
C2C Standards Review – Introduction
Will Manchester City win the premier league?
Consequences
Shift of power to the blue side of Manchester
Possible end of Fergie’s reign
Dependencies
Man United having poor run of results
Chelsea not spending big in January transfer window
4
C2C Standards Review – Introduction
Will Manchester City win the premier league?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
5
C2C Standards Review – Introduction
Will Manchester City win the premier league?
VotesYes 0Maybe 3No 18
YesMaybeNo
6
C2C Standards Review – Introduction
C2C Review of Standards Task
“The objective is to undertake a comprehensive review of national standards and Electricity North West documents which potentially prohibit C2C operation and would need
to be changed for the full benefits to be realised.”
Statutory Documents
Licence Obligations
Internal Electricity
North West Policy
7
C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings
INITIAL FINDINGS
Main problems are associated with Security of Supply
Managed Load not explicitly allowed for at present
ER P2/6 allows for single customers
DCUSA facilitates Load Managed Areas, but this is probably inappropriate for widespread managed load
8
C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings
ER P2/6 does NOT apply to……
Distribution Code Guidance Note 1 states:-
“It does not apply to the supply connection of a Customer.”
BUT this is not considered appropriate for widespread responsive demand.
1Single Customers
9
C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings
INITIAL FINDINGS
Main problems are associated with Security of Supply
Managed Load not explicitly allowed for at present
ER P2/6 allows for single managed loads
DCUSA facilitates Load Managed Areas, but this is probably inappropriate for widespread managed load
10
So….Revision of ER P2/6 is required if allowance for widespread responsive demand is to be legal!
C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings
Responsive
Demand
Allowance Rev
ised
ER
P2/
6 Scales of Justice
11
C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings
P2/6 Derogation
Electricity North West approached Ofgem at bid stage indicating intention to apply for a derogation from ER P2/6 for circuits included in trial.
Subsequent Ofgem Consultation to gather industry views.
6 respondents:
100%
supported Ofgem view
to grant derogation
50% considered might be no
need for derogation
12
C2C Standards Review – Questions
Questions
Do you have any load managed areas?
Do you include responsive demand in your existing ER P2/6 assessments?
13
C2C Standards Review – Questions
Do you think that responsive demand could be employed without breaching ER P2/6?
Consequences
No need for derogations for responsive demand
No need for interim change to ER P2/6
Dependencies
It is considered that existing ER P2/6 is flexible enough
14
C2C Standards Review – Questions
Do you think that responsive demand could be employed without breaching ER P2/6?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
15
C2C Standards Review – Questions
Do you think that responsive demand could be employed without breaching ER P2/6?
VotesYes 5Maybe 6No 0
YesMaybeNo
16
C2C Standards Review– Changes to ER P2/6
Changing ER P2/6 to accommodate
Responsive Demand?
System Intact Assessment
Adjustment of generation contribution
Making Allowance for Responsive Demand
17
C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment
How much C2C demand can be
connected?
18
C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment
How much C2C demand can be connected?
11kV
C2C LOAD
C2C LOAD
LOAD LOAD
Check flows within circuit/transformer rating
Consider potential transformer and cable ageing due to greater normal loading
Consider social acceptability of short duration interruptions
19
C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?HV Circuit Example
EXISTING11kV
4MVA4MVA 7MVA
1MVAAssume 7MVA circuit rating
4MVA 1000 3MVA 750
1MVA 250
4MVA 1000
20
C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?HV Circuit Example
With C2C 11kV
7MVA7MVA 13MVA
1MVA
C2C 3MVA
C2C 3MVA
Assume 7MVA circuit rating
C2C 3MVA
C2C 3MVA
7MVA
4MVA 1000 3MVA 750
1MVA 250
Supply interruption to Non-C2C customers
4MVA 1000 3MVA 750
1MVA 250
21
C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example
Is such HV circuit operation acceptable?
Consequences
Increased frequency of short duration interruptions
From 1000 to 2000 customers experience short duration interruption
Potential increased network equipment ageing
Dependencies
Depends on operation at typically less than 5 sites
22
C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example
Is such HV circuit operation acceptable?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
23
C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example
Is such HV circuit operation acceptable?
VotesYes 6Maybe 6No 0
YesMaybeNo
24
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?Primary Sub Example
11kV
20MVA 20,000
C2C LOAD
25
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
Primary Sub Example
EXISTING
11kV10MVA10MVA 20MVA
Assume tx rating of 20MVA
20MVA 20,000
26
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?Primary Sub Example CAUTIONARY APPROACH
With C2C
11kV15MVA15MVA 30MVA
Assume tx rating of 20MVA
30MVA (150%)3min rating
20MVA 20,000
10MVA C2C LOAD10MVA C2C LOAD
20MVA
Less than 3minutes later!
27
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
Is this cautionary Primary Sub operation acceptable?
Consequences
No Increase in frequency of short duration interruptions
No Increase in the number of customers experiencing short duration interruptions
Potentially increased network equipment ageing
Dependencies
Depends on operation at typically less than 10 sites (depending on the number of C2C customers)
28
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
Is this cautionary Primary Sub operation acceptable?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
29
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
Is this cautionary Primary Sub operation acceptable?
VotesYes 6Maybe 4No 2
YesMaybeNo
30
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?Primary Sub Example PROGRESSIVE APPROACH
With C2C
11kV20MVA20MVA 40MVA
Assume tx rating of 20MVA
30MVA (150%)3min rating
20MVA 20,000
20MVA C2C LOAD20MVA C2C LOAD
20MVA
Need to Autotrip
20MVA 20,000 Short duration interruption to 20,000 customers
31
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
Is this progressive Primary Sub operation acceptable?
Consequences
Increase in frequency of short duration interruptions
Increase in the number of customers experiencing short duration interruptions
Potentially increased network equipment ageing
Dependencies
Depends on operation at typically less than 10 sites (depending on the number of C2C customers)
32
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
Is this progressive Primary Sub operation acceptable?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
33
C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example
Is this progressive Primary Sub operation acceptable?
VotesYes 0Maybe 4No 8
YesMaybeNo
34
C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?BSP Sub Example
33kV
90MVA 90,000
C2C LOAD
35
C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example
BSP Sub Example
EXISTING
33kV45MVA45MVA 90MVA
Assume tx rating of 90MVA
90MVA 90,000
36
C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?BSP Sub Example
With C2C
33kV67.5MVA67.5MVA 135MVA
Assume tx rating of 90MVA
135MVA (150%)3min rating
90MVA 90,000
45MVA C2C LOAD45MVA C2C LOAD
90MVA
Less than 3minutes later!
37
C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example
Is this BSP Sub operation acceptable?
Consequences
No Increase in frequency of short duration interruptions
No Increase in the number of customers experiencing short duration interruptions
Potentially increased network equipment ageing
Dependencies
Depends on operation at typically less than 50 sites (depending on the number of C2C customers)
38
C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example
Is this BSP Sub operation acceptable?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
39
C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example
Is this BSP Sub operation acceptable?
VotesYes 0Maybe 5No 4
YesMaybeNo
40
C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?GSP Sub Example
132kV
240MVA 250,000
C2C LOAD
41
C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example
GSP Sub Example
EXISTING
132kV120MVA120MVA 240MVA
Assume tx rating of 240MVA
240MVA 250,000
42
C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example
How much C2C demand can be connected?GSP Sub Example
With C2C
132kV180MVA180MVA 360MVA
Assume tx rating of 240MVA
360MVA (150%)3min rating
240MVA 250,000
120MVA C2C LOAD120MVA C2C LOAD
240MVA
Less than 3minutes later!
43
C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example
Is this GSP Sub operation acceptable?
Consequences
No Increase in frequency of short duration interruptions
No Increase in the number of customers experiencing short duration interruptions
Increased network equipment ageing
Dependencies
Depends on operation at typically less than 100 sites (depending on the number of C2C customers)
44
C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example
Is this GSP Sub operation acceptable?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
45
C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example
Is this GSP Sub operation acceptable?
VotesYes 0Maybe 8No 4
YesMaybeNo
46
C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment
Summary
HV Circuit Primary BSP GSP
Increasing number of customers
Increasing capacity
Allo
wab
le C
2C D
eman
d
100%
50%
Quantifying Intact System Assessment
Equipment ratings
Social acceptability of short duration interruptions
NOT EASILY QUANTIFIED
Increasing number of automation points
47
C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment
Should system intact limitations be defined in the Security Supply Standard?
ER P2/6 modified to
include System Intact
ER P2/6DNO
Internal Policy
OR +
48
C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment
Should system intact limitations be defined in the Security Supply Standard?
Consequences
Achieve consistency
Requirement to change ER P2/6
Dependencies
Industry View
49
C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment
Should system intact limitations be defined in the Security Supply Standard?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
50
C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment
Should system intact limitations be defined in the Security Supply Standard?
VotesYes 6Maybe 0No 6
YesMaybeNo
51
C2C Standards Review– Interruptible Generation
Changing ER P2/6 to accommodate
Responsive Demand?
System Intact Assessment
Adjustment of generation contribution
Making Allowance for Responsive Demand
52
C2C Standards Review– Interruptible Generation
Generation Contribution
With C2C
Existing ER P2/6
Generation Contribution
o Availability
o Operating Regime
o Intermittency
ER P2/6 modified to
include System Intact
+ Additional Factor of consideration
o Unavailability due to Contract during system outages
o No/reduced allowance for C2C generators for N-1 & N-2 system assessments
53
C2C Standards Review– Changes to ER P2/6
Changing ER P2/6 to accommodate
Responsive Demand?
System Intact Assessment
Adjustment of generation contribution
Making Allowance for Responsive Demand
54
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
Presently, ER P2/6 says…..
Demand to be met ≤ Network
Capability
Group Demand (measured+latent)
minus allowed loss
≤Including :-
Network Capacity
+ Transfer Capacity
+ DG contribution
Depends on magnitude of Group Demand
G
55
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
But where should the Responsive Demand Allowance fit?
Demand to be met ≤
Group Demand (measured+latent)
minus allowed loss
≤Depends on magnitude of Group Demand
Network Capability
Including :-
Network Capacity
+ Transfer Capacity
+ DG contribution G
Responsive DemandResponsive Demand
56
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
Demand to be met
Group Demand (measured+latent)
minus allowed loss
Depends on magnitude of Group Demand
Responsive Demand
Advantages
Group Demand is the amount to be restored and there is no need to restore Responsive Demand,
Group Demand is often basis of load forecast and including Responsive Demand could complicate the forecast task,
Means that Group category will not change due to C2C connections.
Disadvantages
Responsive Demand is un-differentiable when measuring Group Demand and so should stay in there!
Subtract Responsive Demand Allowance from Group Demand ……..
57
Network Capability
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
Responsive Demand
Advantages
Network Capability is already adjusted so why not adjust it a bit more,
Disadvantages
It doesn’t feel like a network capability, more like a demand!
Add Responsive Demand Allowance to Network Capability……..
Including :-
Network Capacity
+ Transfer Capacity
+ DG contribution
58
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
Incorporate Responsive Demand Allowance in a different way …
Define a new category
Add a new column to table 2
59
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
Does Responsive Demand fit best with ……?
Neither/alternative
VOTE NOW!
Demand to be met
Network Capability
60
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
Does Responsive Demand fit best with ……?
VotesDemand to be met7Neither 1Network Capability7
Demand to be met
Neither
Network Capability
61
C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment
How much allowance can be
made for C2C responsive demand?
62
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
How to evaluate Responsive Demand Allowance?
33kV
132kV
11kV
C2C Load
C2C Load
11kV
C2C Load
C2C Load
C2C Load
C2C Load
Measure ?
Estimate ?
63
C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance
How to evaluate Responsive Demand Allowance?
33kV
132kV
11kV
C2C Load
C2C Load
11kV
C2C Load
C2C Load
C2C Load
C2C Load
at 11kV considering…..• Availability• Failure of Operation• Contractual restrictions
considering….. Different factors for
lower voltages?
Estimate ?
64
C2C Standards Review– SUMMARY
ER P2/6
System IntactAssessment
Evaluation of Responsive
Demand Allowance
Incorporation of Responsive
Demand Allowance
ModifiedER P2/6 –
Something quite different
ER P2/7
?
65
C2C Standards Review– SUMMARY
Is minimum change to ER P2/6 sufficient to accommodate responsive demand?
“Could we get away with…..?”
“Group Demand
The DNO’s estimate of the maximum demand of the group being assessed for ER P2/6 compliance with appropriate allowance for diversity and customers with interruptible contracts.”
66
C2C Standards Review– SUMMARY
Is minimum change to ER P2/6 sufficient to accommodate responsive demand?
Maybe
VOTE NOW!
No
Yes
67
C2C Standards Review– SUMMARY
Is minimum change to ER P2/6 sufficient to accommodate responsive demand?
VotesYes 5Maybe 5No 5
YesMaybeNo
Capacity to Customers (C2C)-
Review of Standards – Accommodating Responsive
Demand in ER P2/6
24th January 2013
Thanks for your attention