Download - Carbon Cycling (Fig. 31.26)
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Carbon Cycling (Fig. 31.26)
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Nitrogen Cycling (Fig. 31.24)
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Biomes
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Fish - one hundred
Beetles - one thousandDaphnia - hundreds of thousands
Protozoa - millions
Parasites and predators - tens of thousands
Insect herbivores - thousands
Oak tree - one
Parasites and predators - 100g
Herbivores - 5 kg
Oak tree - 30 tonnes
Primary carnivores (pelagic fish) - 1.8
Herbivores (zooplankton) -1.5
Producers (phytoplankton) - 0.4
Primary carnivores - 0.0016
Herbivores - 0.15
Producers - 0.4
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
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Alder,Alnus sinuata
Cottonwood,Populus trichocarpa
Mountain avens,Dryas drummondi
Willow,salix
LiverwortsLichensRiver beautyEpilobium (rare)HorsetailEquisetumBlue-green algae
Dryas
7.0
5.3
7.3
2.8
Alder
8.8
21.8
6.8
277
Pioneer
5.2
3.8
7.2
1.5
Soil depth (cm)
Soil N (gm )
Soil pH
-2
-2 -1
Spruce,Picea sitchensis
Western hemlock,Tsuga heterophylla
Seral stage
Litterfall (gm yr )
Spruce
15.1
53.3
3.6
261
5 40 60 200Time (years) since retreat of glacier
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Global Plant Diversity
<100 species per 104 km >5000 species per 104 km
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• Elton and Nicholson, 1942
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• Lepp & Schmidt, 2004
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Demographics - survivorship curve
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Demographics - life table