Vaisakh. GI Year MSc. Nursing,AIMS,kochi.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY

12 LEAD ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

PRECORDIAL LEADS

PRECORDIAL LEADSV1-Right edge of the sternum,4th Intercostal spaceV2-left edge of the sternum,4th Intercostal spaceV3-placed between V2 & V4V4-Midclavicular line,5th intercostal spaceV5-Anterior Axillary line,horizontal in line with V4V6-Midaxillary line , horizontal with V4

LIMB LEADS

EINTHOVENS TRIANGLE

MONITORING

HOLTER MONITORING

STRESS TESTTREDMILL

RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION

LABOROTORY INVESTIGATIONS

BLOOD STUDIES

• SERUM CARDIAC MARKERS• SERUM LIPIDS

SERUM CARDIAC MARKERSCK-MBLDHCARDIAC TROPONINS TROPONIN I TROPONIN T

CARDIAC MARKERSMARKERS NORMAL ONSET PEAK DISAPPEARS

TROP T 0-0.2ng\ml 3-4hrs 10-24hrs 10-14days

TROP I 0-0.1ng\ml 4-6hrs 12-24hrs 4-7days

CKMB <1.5 4-6hrs 48hrs

LDH <1 24hrs 3-6days 14days

SERUM LIPIDS

CHOLESTEROL - 140-200mg\dlTRIGLYCERIDES - 40-190mg\dlLIPOPROTEINS LDL - <130 HDL - >60

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHYTWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHYTRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHYCONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

INVASIVE HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING

• CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE• INTRA ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE

MONITORING• PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE

MONITORING.

CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE

PHLEBOSTATIC AXIS

INTRA ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING

WAVEFORM

PULMONARY ARTERY CATHETERIZATION

CONCLUSION

THANKU