Download - Care of aged
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AGE RELATED ILLNESS
BY:GROUP 4
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TERMINOLOGIES U NEED TO KNOW:
AGING: It is the normal process of becoming older. It is a time-related change which begins with
birth & continues through out life.
GERIATRICS: It is the study of old age that includes
the physiology,pathology,diagnosis, & Mx of the disorders & diseases of older adults.
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TERMINOLOGIES contd….
GERIATRIC Nsg: It is the field of nsg that relates to the assessment,nursing diagnosis,planning,implementation & evaluation of older adults in all envrnmnts including acute, intermediate & skilled care as well as within the community
GERONTOLOGY: The combined biologic, psychologic & sociologic study of older adults within their envrnmnt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF AGING:
1. Increased MORTALITY2. CHANGES in the body’s CHEMICAL
COMPOSITIONS (decrease in lean body mass, increase in fats & lipofuscins, &cross-linking of collagen tissues)
3. Progressive DETERIORATIVE changes4. Reduced ADAPTATION ABILITY to
envrnmntal changes5. Increased VULNERABILITY to multiple
diseases
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THEORIES OF AGING:BIOLOGIC THEORIES: Intrinsic agingGenetically programmedEssentially universal & irreversibleDEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES: (Erikson,1963)Life consists of 8 stagesEach represents a crucial turning point in lifeMajor task: achieve ego integrity or to suffer
despair
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THEORIES contd….DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS FOR OLDER
ADULTS….(Erikson + Havighurst’s concepts)
1. Maintenance of self-worth2. Conflict resolution3. Adjustment to the death of significant
others4. Environmental adaptation5. Maintenance of optimal levels of wellness
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THEORIES contd…..
SOCIOLOGIC THEORIES:Social interactions & roles contribute to
successful adjustmentContinuity & connection to the past are
maintained through a well established habits, values & interests
The theories emphasize the importance of environmental & psychosocial factors in the developmntal & current functiong of the person
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THEORIES contd….
NURSING THEORY: (Miller, 2004)Challenges nurses to consider the effects of
normal age-related changes as well as the damage incurred through disease or environmental & behavioral risk factors
It suggests that, nurses can alter the outcome for patients through nursing interventions
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AGE-RELATED CHANGES
CHANGES
PSYCHOSOCIAL
PHYSICAL
COGNITIVE
PHARMACOLOGIC
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PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS Problem in adapting to……Physical Social & Emotional losses& to achieve contentmentLife satisfactionSerenity
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PHYSICAL ASPECTS
•Decreased cardiac output
•Slower heart recovery rate
Cardiovascular
•Increase residual lung volume
•Decreased gas exchange
Respiratory
•Decrease protection against trauma & temperature
•Diminished secretion of natural oils & perspiration
Integumentary
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PHYSICAL ASPECTS contd…. •Fema
le: vaginal narrowing & decreased elasticity
•Male: slower sexual response
Reproductive
•Loss of bone density & muscle strength
•Degenerated joint cartilage
Musculoskeletal
•Male: BPH
•Female: incontinence
Genitourinary
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PHYSICAL ASPECTS contd…•De
creased salivation
•Reduced GI motility
Gastrointestinal
•Delayed nerve conduction
•Reduced cerebral circulation
Nervous system
•Diminished vision, hearing
•Diminished taste & smell
Special senses
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COGNITIVE ASPECTSINTELLIGEN
CE
Decline
Diminished problem
solving ability
Learning & memory
Variation in motor & sensory function
Poor ability to learn
effectively due to poor
intelligence
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PHARMOCOLOGIC ASPECTS
Altered pharmacokinetics
Drug-food
interaction
Changes in gastric
PH
Decrease in GI
motility
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HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPIRATORYExercise regularlyPace activitiesAvoid smokingEat low-fat, low-salt dietParticipate in stress
reductionRegular BP checksMedication compliance Weight control
Adequate fluid intake to liquefy secretions
Yearly influenza immunizatn
Avoid exposure to URIStop smokingExercise regularly
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PROMOTION STRATEGIES contd…
INTEGUMENTORY MUSCULOSKELETALAvoid solar exposureUse Seasonal clothing Lubricate skinMaintain safe indoor
tempShower pref to tub bath
Exercise regularlyEat high-calcium dietLimit phosphorus intakeTake calcium & vitamin
D supplements as prescribed
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PROMOTION STRATEGIES contd..
GENITOURINARYSeek urology check-
upsWear easily
manipulated clothingDrink adequate fluidsAvoid bladder
irritantsDo pelvic floor
muscle exercises
GASTROINTESTINALUse ice chipsBrush, floss, &
massage gums dailyReceive regular
dental careEat small frequent
feedsLimit antacidsEat high fiber dietLimit laxatives
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PROMOTION STRATEGIESNERVOUS SYSTEM SPECIAL SENSESPace teachingEnhance sensory
stimulatnEncourage slow rising
from a resting position
Wear eyeglassesAvoid night drivingUse contrasting colors
for color codingAvoid glare of shiny
surfacesAvoid direct sunlightSpeak with low-pitched
voice
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MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
DEPRESSION DEMENTIA DELIRIUM
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DEPRESSIONFeeling of sadnessFatigueDiminished memory & concentrationFeeling of guilt & worthlessnessLoss of appetiteSleep disturbance
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DELIRIUMAltered level of consciousness Ranging from stupor to excessive activityDisorganized thinkingHallucination, delusionFear & anxiety
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DEMENTIAAlzheimer’s disease
Progressive, irreversible, degenerative
neurologic disease
Memory loss, difficulty in work
Vascular dementia
Multi-infarct dementia
associated with hypertension & cardiovascular
disease
Downward decline in mental
function, sub clinical stroke
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NURSES ROLE IN CARE OF AGEDKnowledgeable about geriatric nursingSkilled in meeting the needs of older patientsUnderstand that aging is not synonymous with
diseaseUnderstand that aging is a highly complex &
varied processConsider functional assessment as a common
frame workHelp older people to maintain max autonomy &
dignity despite of physical & psychological lossesEarly interventions can prevent further
complications