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.The outlook for EU agriculture:Causes, constraints and challenges for
productivity
Sources for growth in agricultural productivity.Research and Development
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INDEX1.- Events that happened in the past 30 years.
Challenges
2.- R & D to these challenges . Productivity andProfitability.
3.- Recommendations and Conclusions.
4.- Practical Examples
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1.- Events that happened in thepast 30 years.
� Increased environmental awareness of the Society but no consensus. (Kyoto). Climate Change, water and biodiversity.
� Water crisis.
� Successive failures of the negotiations of the World Trade Organization.(OMC). “The chip in the negotiations is AGRICULTURE”. The obstacles areto be found in other business sectors and non-trade issues.
� Economic and social inequalities far from alleviated in the third worldincreases.
� Exponential Growth of Population.
� Economic growth in emerging countries demanding more food and moreenergy consumption.
� Increased demand and oil prices and gradual depletion of oil reserves andthus causing the so-called Climate Change.
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1.- Hechos acontecidos en los últimos 30 años..
� Higher cost in agriculture(fertilizer, electricity, oil, etc..) as a result of rising oil. Since 1995 the prices received byfarmers in the EU have fallen by almost 14%.
� The average income of the agricultural sector falls while in the other sectors increases.
� In 2009 and 2010 more than 12,000 farms (Only in Andalusia) have disappeared..Decline in employment, ActivityCONTINUITY IN RURAL AREAS., greater depopulation and threatens the very existence of isolated rural villages.
� For the first time in 2006, the people of the cities surpassed the rural world
� Weight Loss of Agrarian Society and its production.
� Paralysis of the Agricultural Research and Development for its lack of profitability.
� The agricultural sector is not sufficiently appreciated despite their strategic importance.� Ensures the provision of food to consumers Food Safety and Quality� Maintaining the countryside, biodiversity, our landscape and our culture.� We are also essential in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels. Generate biomass.� We are the world's leading source for combating climate change.� Optimize water use and soil preventing desertification and deforestation
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Food Challenge
0,51,0
1,52,5
6,06,5
9,0
billons
20501650 1800 1900 1950 20002006
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Mundo: Descubrimientos vs Producción
0
10
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1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
Año
MM
bbl
s / a
ño
Descubrimientos pasados Descubrimientos futuros Producción
Peak to Today: 41 años
Energy ChallengeDemand
1980
· Demand
Fuente: Exxon Mobil. BP
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Environmental Challenge .Climate Change
Environmental impacts
CO2 emissions to the atmosphere increased by nearly 25% in 2010 and 60% by 2025
Emerging economies accounted for 68% of the projected increase to 2025
Global WarmingGlobal Warming
Emisiones de dióxido de carbono por combustible
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1970 1980 1990 2002 2015 2025
1000
x M
illone
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lada
s
Proyección
PetróleoCarbón
Gas Natural
Total
Histórico
Emisiones de dióxido de carbono por regiones
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10
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1990 2002 2010 2015 2020 2025
1000
x M
illone
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lada
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Economias Desarrolladas TransiciónEmergentes Total
Fuente: Energy Information Administration
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ImpactGlobal WarmingClimate Change
Food Crisis
Global Alarm
Governments respondEnvironmental Policies ,Energetics and Food.
And the policies I + D + I?
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R & D to these challenges .Productivity and Profitability.
Factors that influence agriculturalproductivity.
PlantWaterSoil
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R & D to these challenges .Productivity and Profitability.
Plant- Seeds of even shorter cycle and higher productivity. New seeds and
new varieties.- + Drought-resistant- + Resistant to pests- - Need Water- + Resistant to salinity.
But R & D adaptedthe territory
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R & D to these challenges .Productivity and Profitability.
Soil- Best tillage techniques for soil type- Techniques to prevent erosion.- Techniques to avoid desertification- Techniques that improve soil structure (organic)
But R & D adaptedthe territory
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R & D to these challenges .Productivity and Profitability.
Water- Techniques to improve water efficiency- Demand irrigation techniques and efficient .- Techniques produce MORE AND BETTER with less
water.
But R & D adaptedthe territory
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Conclusions andRecommendations
- Public investment in agriculture has gone from more than 15% of public aidto less than 5% in recent years . And the R & D is insignificant . We mustput agriculture in the spotlight of international policy research anddevelopment.
- Strengthen cooperation not only between national research programs, butalso between the various initiatives driven by the different DGs(DGEnvironment , DG Agri, etc..).
- We must improve the coordination of agricultural research . It misses thedissemination and communication specific to their results and lack criticalmass.
- Research could play a greater role if different actors were better integratedin the development of programs . In particular, it is essential to involvefarmers in determining the objectives of the research , in which we mustactively listening the real needs of the farmers themselves, as well asthe promotion of applied research and technology transfer
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Conclusions andRecommendations
- The European Network for Rural Development andthe European Technology Platforms provide strategicsolutions to share and develop good ideas at Europeanlevel , reliable information and practical experience ,structuring and reinforcing the production and sharing ofknowledge.
- Be investigated to meet the challenges of society andagricultural needs , creating knowledge networks thatmeet the nutritional needs and emerging needs ofclimate and energy.
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Practical Examples
Proyect LIFE Doñana Sostenible (LIFE00/ENV/E/547); Jul. 2001 – Jun. 2004; budget :789.693€; Design and Management of a model of sustainable land management intree crops in the environment of Doñana National Park.
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Practical ExamplesProyect LIFE Humedales Sostenibles (LIFE04/ENV/E/269); Oct. 2004 – Sep. 2007;
budget: 1.087.450€; Integrated Agriculture in the environment of Wetlands ofCommunity importance
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Practical ExamplesProyecto I+DEA (“Research and Development of Ethanol for Automotive ”) Project
Leader: ABENGOA. GREENCEELL; Ref. proyecto “CENIT 2007-1031”; budget: 33,1
M€; The scope of the project I + DEA covers the complete cycle of bioethanol , rawmaterials (energy crops) and enzymes (biotechnology), technologies of
transformation from agricultural products and their use in engines
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Practical ExamplesProyect OPTIMIZATION OF IRRIGATION WATER USE IN IRRIGATED CROPS USING
NEW TECHNOLOGIES .
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Practical ExamplesProyect: I+D RECOLECCIÓN MECANIZADA. table olives
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Thank you very much for your attention
Carlos Mesa: [email protected]