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CAST, August 2012
What questions should you ask
to address engagement?
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EngagementGoals What is the goal of this TASK? Is the means embedded?
• Do goals allow for self-advocacy/choice making/socially appropriate responses?
• Can collaboration enhance motivation/generalization?• Am I allowing for exploration? • Are the demands appropriate for level(s) of socio-
emotional development?
Assessment How do I know they’re getting it?
• What incentives will enhance performance?• Are learners able to self-monitor progress? Reflect on
performance? Correct errors? • Are the learners offered choice/options?• Do the demands and resources match or optimize
challenge?• Does evaluation cause anxiety?
Methods/Materials What instructional strategies, techniques? Which tools, media & supplies?
• Is the activity meaningful? Functional? Relevant?• Are materials safe?• How do social dynamics affect the techniques or
tools/media?• Do materials distract from efforts?• Do methods/materials need to be personalized?
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What questions should you ask
to address representation?
CAST, August 2012
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RepresentationGoals What is the goal of this TASK? Is the means embedded?
• Is repetition needed?• How much scaffolding? Fading? Prompting?• Are both content & its representations meaningful? • Am I offering both linguistic and non-linguistic
representation? Is there flexibility?
Assessment How do I know they’re getting it?
• Are there external factors affecting performance?• Am I working within their Zone of Proximal
Development (ZPD)?• Am I providing too much/too little support?• Am I providing a practice period?• Are representations meaningful? Is there flexibility?
Methods/Materials What instructional strategies, techniques? Which tools, media & supplies?
• Am I defining vocabulary? Clarifying syntax/structure?• Am I offering multiple exemplars? Models? NON-
examples?• Are there language/cultural barriers?• Am I making use of technology? Multi-media?• Are the critical features/big ideas highlighted?• Am I activating background knowledge?• Are there transfer & generalization options?
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CAST, August 2012
What questions would you ask
to address action
and expression?
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Action & ExpressionGoals What is the goal of this TASK? Is the means embedded?
• Are alternative means allowed?(e.g., draw, point, describe) What alternative or AT tools are in IEP?
• Do goals focus on communication with peers? Adults?• Are multiple expression outlets allowed?• Are graduated levels of support addressed?• Is the learner involved in goal setting?
Assessment How do I know they’re getting it?
• What supports are needed for responses?• Is strategic development obvious in the assessment?• Am I providing enough time for practice/formulation?• Are multiple expression tools/options allowed?• Are there supports for learner decision making?• How do learners monitor their progress?
Methods/Materials What instructional strategies, techniques? Which tools, media & supplies?
• Do the methods/strategies support the learner in planning/developing strategic decision making?
• What AT, multi-media or other tools are necessary?• Are materials age-appropriate/appealing?• Do learners manage their own materials/resources?