Download - Cell bio8
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Advanced Cell Biology
2014 1nd Semester
Department of Animal Science
Chungbuk National University
8th Lecture
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1st week : Introduction
3rd week :Research Strategies For Cell Biology
5nd week : Nucleus, Transcription and Splicing
7nd week : Membrane and Channel
9nd week : Membrane Trafficking
11nd week : Cell Signaling
13nd week : Cytoskeleton
15nd week : Cell Cycle
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Cell Cycle
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G1: originally described as a gap between mitosis and DNA replication; now appreciated to be the time when cells grow and check for DNA damage and sample the environment to make the pivotal decision to replicate their genomes and progress through the cell cycle.
S: phase when the genome is replicated.
G2: originally described as a gap between DNA replication and mitosis; now appreciated to be the time when cells check for completion of DNA replication before entering mitosis.
M: Mitosis and cytokinesis separate the replicated genome into two daughter cells.
G0: Most differentiated cells in higher eukaryotes withdraw from the cell cycle into this stage.
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G1 restriction point: Monitors cell size, environmental conditions, and interactions with neighbors and matrix.
G1/S DNA damage checkpoint: Stops the cell cycle if DNA damage is detected.
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint: A protein kinase cascade stops the cell cycle until all DNA is replicated.
Metaphase spindle assembly checkpoint: Delays separation of daughter chromatids until all are attached to the mitotic spindle.
Checkpoints control transitions between the cell cycle phases
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Cyclin and Cyclin Dependent Protein Kinase
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Discovery of Cyclin and Regulators
- Temperature Sensitive Yeast mutant defective in Cell Cycle
- Isolations of cdc mutants
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Xenopus embryo as model system for Cell Cycle Research
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Xenopus egg extract as in vitro model forCell Cycle Research
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Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF)
Some protein(?) factors inducing Nuclear Membrane Breakdown and spindle Formation
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Purification of MPF reveals the identity of MPF..
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MPF = Cyclin B + CDK1
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Cdc2
Mitotic entry(Cell Division)
Mitotic Delay(Cell Growth)
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No divisionInfinite growth
Premature division
Inactive MPFHyperactive MPF
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Role of Protein Destruction in Cell-Cycle Control
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Role of APC/C in Cell Cycle Control
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G1 Phase
Divide or not? That is question
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Growth Control
Cell should be reached at the specific size to divideUncontrolled division leads cancer
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Integrity of Cellular DNA Monitored by a G1 Checkpoint
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S-Phase and DNA Replication
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Metaphase
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Spindle Checkpoint
If there is unattached kinetocore, stop cell cycle progress
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