![Page 1: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Structure and Function
![Page 2: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology:
Robert Hooke1665term “cell”observed cork
![Page 3: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology:
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1674used high quality lenses to
improve microscopepond water - animalculesrecognized cells as basic
unit of life
![Page 4: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology:
Robert Brown1830’s discovered the cell’s nucleusnucleus directs cell division
![Page 5: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology:
Matthias Schleiden1838plants composed of cells
![Page 6: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology:
Theodor Schwann1839animals composed of cells
![Page 7: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology:
Rudolf Virchow1855new cells arise from the
division of preexisting cells
![Page 8: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cell Theory
The work of these scientists provided information significant to the development of the cell theory
All living things are composed of cells Cells are alike in chemical composition and structure Cells are the smallest working unit of living things All cells arise from other cells
All living organisms are alike because they are composed of cells… by studying the composition and chemistry of the cell, we understand the chemistry and composition of all kinds of life forms
![Page 9: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Breaking it down…… introduction to biochemistry
Breaking it down…… introduction to biochemistry
![Page 10: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is biochemistry???
Bio chemistryThe study of matter and the changes in matter
Pertaining to life
ProteinsCarbohydrates Lipids
Nucleic Acids
![Page 11: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Macromolecules
Polymer: Very large molecule made from individual pieces
MonomerAKA: Subunit
![Page 12: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Hydrolysis: Breaks apart the polymer into monomers
• Water needed to break the bond
• Dehydration Synthesis: AKA: Polymerization
• Links the monomers together to form the polymer
• Produces water
![Page 13: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What do monomers look like?• Hydrocarbon: Molecule containing Hydrogen and Carbon
Ethane
Ethene
EthyneUnsaturated
Saturated
![Page 14: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Molecular Structure
CHAIN BRANCH RING
![Page 15: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Substituted Hydrocarbon
• Hydroxyl -OH• Add –ol suffix to name• Creates an alcohol• Used to disinfect or as a
fuel
Methanol
Methane
![Page 16: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Carboxyl Group -COOH• Creates a carboxylic
acid or organic acid• Found in citrus fruits,
vinegar (ethanoic acid)
Methane
Methanoic Acid
![Page 17: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Amine -NH2• Includes novocaine,
painkiller
Methylamine
Methane
![Page 18: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Carbohydrates
![Page 19: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Proteins
![Page 21: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lipids
![Page 23: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nucleic Acids
![Page 25: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Group Project- Make a Biological Molecule
• Build a biological molecule to hang from the ceiling.
• Include all major structures. • Sketch out model before building. • You will have 20 minutes in class today and
tomorrow to collaborate and 30 minutes to build on Friday.
• Be creative!!!
![Page 26: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Enzyme Salad Lab• Test Tubes Containing the following
– 1. Frozen + Gelatin– 2. Fresh + Gelatin– 3. Canned + Gelatin– 4. Gelatin
• Place the test tubes in an ice bath. Once tube 4 has gelled, record observations in the table.
Observations Before Ice Bath
Observations After Ice Bath
Frozen + GelatinFresh + GelatinCanned + GelatinGelatin
![Page 27: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Discussion Questions1. Why did test tube #4 contain only gelatin?
2. What could account for the different results in the tubes?
3. How could the canning process change bromelin?
4. What could you do to fresh pineapple that would allow the salad to gel?
![Page 28: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Catalyst
![Page 29: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Enzymes
![Page 30: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Organic Molecules that compose “life’s building blocks”Organic Group Polymer Monomer Functions of polymers
in the cell
Carbohydrates Sugars EnergyStorage of energyBuilding materials
Proteins Amino Acids EnzymesBuilding blocksMessengersTransport etc…all the life’s work
Lipids Long chains of carbon and hydrogen
Cell membrane building blocksEnergy storageChemical messengers
Nucleic Acids Nucleotides Hold recipes for proteins “Code of Life”
![Page 31: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Enzyme activity (video)
A. Enzymes put molecules together……SYNTHESIS.
B. Enzymes take molecules apart…… DIGESTION.
C. Enzymes control chemical reactions…….LIFE.
D. Enzymes make chemical reactions require less energy.
Enzyme A Enzyme B
Substrate
Lock and Key Theory for Enzyme Action
![Page 32: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cells and cell typesCells and cell types
![Page 33: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
• No Nucleus• Small and simple• No organelles• Sticky capsule• Contains cell wall
(peptidoglycan)• First cells• Live in a wide variety of
environments• Include bacteria
• Nucleus• Organelles• Unicellular or multicellular• Cytoskeleton• Some have cilia• Include all cells but
bacteria
![Page 34: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Single Cell• Monera• Prokaryotic – lacking a
nucleus and any organelles • Reproduce by binary fission –
splitting into two• Ex. Bacteria • Protista
• Eukaryotic – Nucleus present• Have organelles that carry
out specific functions• Ex. Amoeba, paramecium,
euglena
![Page 35: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Multi Cell
• Fungi• Eukaryotic – Nucleus present• Cell Wall composed of chitin• Saprophytic (food comes from dead
organic material)• Individual cells are not completely
separate from neighboring cells• Ex. Bread mold, mushrooms, Athlete’s foot
![Page 36: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Animal• Eukaryotic – Nucleus present• Heterotrophic – food comes
from organic material• No cell wall or chloroplast• Do have centrioles
• Plants• Eukaryotic – Nucleus present• Cell Wall composed of cellulose• Autotrophic – can produce their
own food• Chloroplasts, large vacuoles
![Page 37: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Quick Quiz!! If you found a new organism and it was multicellular, did not contain chloroplasts, but did have cell walls, which kingdom would you expect it to belong
to? A. MoneraB. ProtistaC. FungiD. PlantaeE. Animalia
![Page 38: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
How did the first cells form?Oparin – Haldane Hypothesis (1920’s)
Prebiotic Soup:
Methane (CH4)Hydrogen gas (H2)Ammonia gas (NH3)Water vapor (H2O)Very Little Oxygen!!
Earth’s Conditions:volcanic eruptionsUV radiationlightningmeteor bombardment
Idea based on the behavior of energy and molecules found in all living things
UV radiation synthesized the first organic compounds from inorganic precursors
![Page 39: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Testing the HypothesisStanley Miller (1953)
Set up experiments using O-H hypothesisProduced simple amino acids
1 week!!!
Amino Acids- building blocks for all life forms, protein components
Molecules + Energy = Larger molecules and chemical compounds
![Page 40: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Results = Theory of How Earth’s Life Began
Evidence:
20 amino acidscommon sugarslipidsDNA and RNAATP
Molecules of
LIFE
These have all been recreated in the laboratory. All the steps to making simple cells have been recreated under lab conditions!!
![Page 41: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Quick Quiz!! What organelles are made up of lipids?
1. Cell membrane2. Nuclear membrane3. Endoplasmic
reticulum4. Golgi Bodies5. All of the above
Cel
l mem
bran
e
Nucl
ear m
embra
ne
Endop
lasm
ic re
ticulu
m
Golg
i Bodie
s
All
of the
above
0% 0% 0%0%0%
Response Grid
![Page 42: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Conclusion = Theory of How Earth’s Life Began
1.) The Earth consisted of prebiotic soup from which small organic compounds were made
2.) Small molecules were joined to make larger molecules
3.) Molecules organized into droplets with different Characteristics than the molecules alone.
4.) Origin of heredity: formation of DNA allows primitive cells to reproduce themselves and pass on info.
![Page 43: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Endosymbiont Hypothesis
Lynn Margulis (1970) proposed an evolutionary explanation for eukaryotic cells
…Eukaryotic cell is the result of prokaryotic cells living enclosed in one cell Symbiotic:mutually benefiting from the relationship
![Page 44: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic CellsNo nucleusSimple cellsFunction simplyEx. – BacteriaPrecursors to eukaryotes
Eukaryotic CellsNucleus presentComplex and organizedcomplex and specialized
functionsEx. – all body cells, plant cells,
fungi, etc.Evolutionarily advanced over
prokaryotic cells
![Page 45: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Cell MembraneFunction:
-Separates the cell from its surroundings-Protects the cell
contents- Determines what raw
materials will enter*- Releases waste
products produced inside of cell*
*Transport Mechanisms
![Page 46: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Cell MembranePhospholipid Bilayer
…flexible barrier allowing only lipid soluble substances
into the cell…fluid mosaic model =
individual phospholipids can move around within the membrane
Proteins …pump for specific
substances into/out of cells…open channels for
certain materials
Carbohydrates…membrane stabilizers (cholesterol)…chemical identification of the cell
![Page 47: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Nucleus
Functions:- control center, cell activities are primarily directed from the nucleus- Contains the DNA and proteins = CHROMATIN- Chromatin condenses during reproduction to form CHROMOSOMES
![Page 48: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Quick Quiz!! The majority of chromosomes are made up of what kinds of molecules?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. ProteinsD. Nucleic Acids
![Page 49: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Nucleus
Membrane boundporous membrane
![Page 50: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Nucleolus
Dark staining structure within the nucleusContains r-RNA, makes ribosomes
![Page 51: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Cell Fluids
Nucleoplasm:Inside of the nucleus
Plasm = fluidCyto = cell
Cytoplasm: Outside of the nucleus
![Page 52: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Cytoplasm
Organelles in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells:RibosomesEndoplasmic ReticulumGolgi ApparatusLysosomesCytoskeletonVacuolesMitochondria
Organelles in some eukaryotic cells:CholoroplastsCell WallFlagellaCiliaCentrioles
![Page 53: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Ribosomes
Tiny structure where proteins are assembled from amino acids
![Page 54: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Endoplasmic ReticulumNetwork of membranes dividing cytoplasm and directing the flow of material through the cell
Rough – ribosomes attached, rough appearanceSmooth – no ribosomes, smooth appearance
![Page 55: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Quick Quiz!! Because ER is made from membranes, what type of organic macromolecule would you expect it to be constructed
from?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. ProteinsD. Nucleic Acids
Car
bohydra
tes
Lip
ids
Pro
tein
s
Nucl
eic
Acids
18% 18%18%
47%
![Page 56: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Golgi Apparatus
Tightly grouped membranous structure where proteins are condensed, collected, and packaged for storage or shipment out of the cell
Produces lysosomes, vesicles, and vacuoles
![Page 57: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Lysosome, Vacuoles, and Vesicles:
Lysosome: sac-like structure containing enzymes for cellular breakdown; recycling plant
Vacuoles and Vesicles: - store carbs, water, salts,
fats, etc.-Vacuoles may be larger-In plants, vacuole provides support- Vacuoles stay in cells- Vesicles bring things
into/out of cells
![Page 58: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Quick Quiz!! After a protein has just been produced, where is it most likely to go?
A. A ribosomeB. The ERC. A vesicleD. The Golgi
Apparatus
A ri
bosom
e
The
ER
A v
esic
le
The
Gol
gi Appar
atus
0% 0%0%0%
Response Grid
![Page 59: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Cytoskeleton
Microtubule and microfilament network that provides a frameworkMovement of proteins inside cellMovement of the cell
![Page 60: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Mitochondrion
Contain their own DNATakes chemical fuel (glucose) and converts it into small useable packages (ATP)
![Page 61: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Organelles in some eukaryotic cells but not all…
![Page 62: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Chloroplasts
Contain their own DNALight absorbing structure that package ENERGY in glucose
![Page 63: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Cell Walls
Structure that surrounds cell membraneProvides support and rigidity to cellsIn plants, composed of celluloseIn fungi, composed of chiten
![Page 64: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Flagella
Tail-like structures used for locomotion
![Page 65: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Cilia
Short, hair-like structures on the surface of the cellUsed for locomotion and to move materials near cell
![Page 66: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Centrioles
Only in animal cellsUsed in cell division
![Page 67: Cell Structure and Function. Scientists responsible for the tools and foundations of cell biology: Robert Hooke 1665 term “cell” observed cork](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e7a5503460f94b7af49/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Quick Quiz!! In addition to centrioles, what else is made of microtubles?
A. CytoskeletonB. MitochondriaC. Cell wallsD. RibosomesE. Endoplasmic
reticulum
Cyt
oskel
eton
Mito
chond
ria
Cel
l wal
ls
Rib
osom
es
Endop
lasm
ic re
ticulu
m
0% 0% 0%0%0%
Response Grid