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Cell Structure & Function
Agenda:Observe short presentation.Partner check handout…
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ReviewCell theory
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure & function in all living things
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
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Cells TypesProkaryote Eukaryote
Organisms that have DNA not bound in a nucleus
Organisms with DNA in a nucleus
Bacteria AnimalsPlants
ProtistsFungus
Very Small 10-100x larger
Very Old (3.5 BYO) Younger in evolution (1.5 BYO)
Simple Complex cellular organization with many
organelle
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Cell Structure & FunctionThere are 4 basic structures of
all cells:
A. Cell membrane
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoplasm
D. Ribosomes
The vocab term for all of the
structures foundin the cell is:
ORGANELLESORGANELLES
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DNADNACytoplasm
Cell MembraneAnimal Cell
Plant
RibosomesRibosomes
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1. Cytoskeleton/CytoplasmThe fluid interior of the cell. This is where all the organelle float around.
Contains:2. Microtubules3. Microfilaments4. Intermediate fibers
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1. CytoskeletonA variety of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and drive cell movement.
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5. Nucleus
6. Nuclear Envelope
7.Nucleolus
8. DNA/ Chromosomes The control &information center of the cell, houses DNA.
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6. Nuclear
Envelope*membranes that surround the nucleus
*contains pores which allow movement of materials in & out of nucleus
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7. Nucleolus
-small region that contains RNA and proteins.-Ribosomes are made here.
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8. DNAContain the genetic information that must be passed to each new generation of cells.
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9. Ribosomes
Protein Factories
Two Types:10. Free11. Bound
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12. Lysosome- Filled with enzymes necessary for digesting waste materials in the cell.- The cells “clean-up crew”- Vesicles help move stuff around the cell.
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14. Rough ER
15. Smooth ER
Modifies and ship proteins
What do you notice to be the difference?Ribosomes on rough ER
13.EndoplasmicReticulum
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14. Rough ER
Has ribosomes attached to the surface.
Makes & modifies proteins that are meant to leave the cell.
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15. Smooth ER
Does not have ribosomes attached to the surface.
Modifies and breaks down lipids & toxins.
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16. Golgi ApparatusThe apparatus packages proteins & substances for storage in the cell or to be released from the cell
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17.Mitochondria
The “powerhouse” of the cell. Converts the chemical energy stored in food into usable compounds for the cell.
Inner Membrane
Outer Membrane
Cristae
Matrix
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18. Plasma Membrane
Phospholipid Bilayer
Embedded Proteins
GlycoproteinsRegulates what enters and leaves the cell. It also aids in the protection and support of the cell.
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Phospholipid Bilayer
Lipids line up based on hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
HydrophilicHydrophilic
HydrophobicHydrophobic
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Embedded Proteins Proteins help to move molecules across the membrane using both passive and active transport.
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Glycoproteins
Used for cellular recognition and binding sites.
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E.C. Centriole
What is my job?
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20. Vacuole Saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates.
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Plant Cell Cell Wall Cell Wall
ChloroplastChloroplast
VacuoleVacuole
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19. ChloroplastContain
chlorophyllthat trap the energyof sunlight & convertit into chemical energy
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20. Vacuole20. VacuoleRECALL - saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates.
IN PLANTS – There is a single large central vacuole filled with liquid that causes pressure making it possible for plants to grow quickly & support heavy structures like leaves and flowers
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21. Cell WallStrong, non-living structuremade of cellulose that surrounds plants,algae and some bacteria.
Provides protection andsupport for the plant cells.
It is very porous so thatwater, oxygen, carbondioxide and other substancescan pass through easily.
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BACTERIAL CELL. PROKARYOTE
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22. Plasmid
• Extra DNA the can be traded with other neighboring bacteria.
• Contains information like antibiotic resistance.
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23. Pili• A tube of
proteins that allow bacteria to trade plasmids.
• Docking mechanism for bacteria.
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24. Flagellum
• Not only found in bacteria, flagellum allow cells to perform locomotion.
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• A variable substance on the outside of some bacteria that allows it to form dense colonies.
• Kinda like slime.
25. Peptidoglycan
Capsule
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1 2 3
0% 0%
100%1. Cell membrane2. Cytoplasm3. DNA
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Cytoskeleton
A
B
C
D
Click to animate the image.
What is labeled here?
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1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%
100%1. Ribosome2. Smooth ER3. Rough ER4. Nucleus
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1 2 3 4
0% 0%
94%
6%
1. Ribosomes2. Mitochondria3. Lysosomes4. Golgi apparatus
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1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%
1. Cell wall2. Nucleus3. Capsule4. Lysosome
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Which cellular component is common to BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?Cell wallNucleusCapsuleLysosome
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Which cellular component is common to BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?Cell wall (don’t forget plant cells! Plant AND
bacteria cells)Nucleus (eukaryotes ONLY)Capsule (prokaryotes ONLY)Lysosome (Eukaryotes ONLY)
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A
B
CD
E
F
Click to animate the image.
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http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
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1. The ER membrane pinches off to encircle the protein.2. The vesicle with the protein enters one end of the Golgi
apparatus.3. In the nucleus, DNA instructions are copied as RNA
messages.4. Proteins cross the membrane of the rough ER and enter the
ER.5. The finished protein leaves the other end of the Golgi
apparatus in a new vesicle that buds from the organelle’s surface.
6. The finished protein travels through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane.
7. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, releasing the protein out of the cell.
8. The vesicle holding the protein travels through the endoplasmic reticulum and out into the cytoplasm.
9. RNA messages travel to bound ribosomes, where proteins are made.
10.The protein is modified by enzymes.11.The finished protein is repackaged, enclosed in a new
vesicle.
What is the order?
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