![Page 1: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Structure & Cell Structure & FunctionFunction
![Page 2: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells
Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus"
Theodor Schwann - 1838 Cells are unit of biological structure
Mattias Schleiden – ca. 1850 Cells are the fundamental basis of life
Virchow -1858 All cells come from cells
![Page 3: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Every living organism is made up of at least one cell.
2. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of mulicultural organisms.
3. All cells arise from preexisting cells.
![Page 4: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
100 m
10 m
1 m
10 cm
1 cm
1 mm
100 m
10 m
1 m
100 nm
10 nm
1 nm
0.1 nm
Elec
tron
Mic
rosc
ope
Ligh
t Mic
rosc
ope
Una
ided
eye
Spec
ial
E.M
.
Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells
MitochondrionMitochondrion
VirusVirus
ProteinsProteins
AtomsAtoms
![Page 5: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Prokaryotic: Smaller, 1—5 µm No organelles No nucleus DNA in circular loop
Eukaryotic: Larger, 8—100 µm Membranous organelles Nucleus DNA in linear chromosomes
5
![Page 6: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
All cells possess a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material
Plasma membrane has phospholipid bilayer, embedded glycoproteins
Isolates cytoplasm from environment Regulates molecular movement into and
out of cell Interacts with other cells/environment
6
![Page 7: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Genetic material - DNA, found in the nucleus
Cytoplasm Cytosol (the fluid part)
Water Salts Organic monomers and polymers
Organelles
![Page 8: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
AnimalAnimalCellCell
AnimalAnimalCellCell
PlantPlantCellCell
PlantPlantCellCell
NucleusNucleus
GolgiGolgi
MitochondriaMitochondria
EndoplasmicEndoplasmicReticulumReticulum
CentriolesCentrioles ChloroplastsChloroplasts
![Page 9: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AnimalAnimalCellCell
AnimalAnimalCellCell
PlantPlantCellCell
PlantPlantCellCell
NucleolusNucleolus
RibosomesRibosomes
Central VacuoleCentral Vacuole
Smooth E.R.Smooth E.R. Cell WallCell Wall
![Page 10: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Protein fibers Give Cell shape; networks of intermediate
filaments Help Cell movement; microfilaments &
microtubules Amoeboid movement Muscle contraction Cell migration during development
Organelle movement & suspension Cyclosis; pathways for vesicle migration
Cell division
![Page 11: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MicrotubuleMicrotubule
MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments
IntermediateIntermediateFilamentsFilaments
Actin subunitsActin subunits
Tubulin subunitsTubulin subunits
EndoplasmicReticulum
Mitochondrion
PlasmaMembrane
![Page 12: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tubular extensions of plasma membrane
Movement of fluid, or locomotion Two functionally different types
Cilia: numerous, paddle-like, synchronized Flagella: longer, fewer, more whip-like
Filled with microtubules 9 pairs in periphery; 2 singlets in center “9+2” arrangement (for eukaryotes)
![Page 13: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
““Sheath” Sheath” X.S.X.S.
CellCellMembraneMembrane
ShaftShaft
BaseBase(a Centriole)(a Centriole)
T.E.M.
T.E.M.
Paramecium
X.S.X.S.
11112222
3333
4444
5555
![Page 14: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Shaft,Shaft,x.s.x.s. Microtubule Microtubule DoubletsDoublets
Cell MembraneCell Membrane
Dynein ArmsDynein Arms
Central Central SingletsSinglets
Microtubule Microtubule TripletsTriplets
Basal BodyBasal BodyBasal Body,Basal Body,
x.s.x.s.
![Page 15: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Scanning E.M.Scanning E.M.of sperm on eggof sperm on eggScanning E.M.Scanning E.M.
of sperm on eggof sperm on egg
Corkscrew Movement(Pulls)
Whipping Movement(Pushes)
Water Water
![Page 16: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Power Stroke Recovery StrokeWater
Scanning E.M.Scanning E.M.of a ciliateof a ciliate
![Page 17: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cell control and genetics Seen Genes in thread-like chromosomes Control production of all proteins
Bounded by nuclear envelope Made up of Double lipid bilayer Pores regulate transport
Not always at center of cell
![Page 18: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NucleolusNucleolus
PoresPores
Chromatin ThreadsChromatin Threads(Chromosomes)(Chromosomes) NuclearNuclear
EnvelopeEnvelope
![Page 19: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Chromatin – DNA not coiled up into a chromosome
Chromosome – DNA coils around proteins called histones to create linear chromosomes
Contains nucleolus of RNA Site of ribosome assembly
![Page 20: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PlasmaPlasmaMembraneMembrane
NucleusNucleus
NuclearNuclearPoresPores
![Page 21: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NucleoliNucleoli
NucleusNucleus
Cell WallCell Wall
ChromosomesChromosomes
![Page 22: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
-made of RNA and protein
- Site of protein synthesis
- Dark granules, (usually drawn as small circles)
![Page 23: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Folded membranes attached to nucleus
Rough ER - protein synthesis
Ribosomes chain amino acids into polypeptide
Ribosomes on outside surface of rough ER
Composed of rRNA and proteins
Smooth ER
Lipid synthesis
![Page 25: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
RibosomesRibosomes
UnitUnitMembraneMembrane
VesiclesVesiclesformingforming
![Page 26: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Rough ERRough ERRough ERRough ER
Smooth ERSmooth ERSmooth ERSmooth ER
RibosomesRibosomes
![Page 27: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Processes material synthesized by ER Packages material and provides “address
label” Distributes material in sacs called vesicles Some for inside, others outside cell Secretory vesicles merge with cell
membrane Synthesis and transport of
polysaccharides
![Page 28: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Material Material ReceivedReceivedFrom ERFrom ER
Material DestinedMaterial Destinedfor Exportfor Export
TEMTEM
![Page 29: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Produced by Golgi apparatus
Vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes
Digestive system of cell
Digest material engulfed by cell
Digest and recycle damaged organelles
![Page 30: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
LysosomeLysosome
Destined forDestined forExportExport
GolgiGolgiEndoplasmicEndoplasmic
ReticulumReticulum
Destined forDestined forGolgiGolgi
![Page 31: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Special kidney-like organelle
Draws water in from cytoplasm & expels it
Important for some single-celled freshwater animals
Requires ATP
![Page 32: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1111
2222
Paramecium sp.
Expelling WaterExpelling Waterto Outsideto Outside
ExpandedExpandedwith Waterwith Water
![Page 33: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Large, water-filled spaces (cell sap)
Can take up over 90% of cell volume
Surrounded by tonoplast (single membrane)
Functions: Storage of pigments (red/blue), acids,
salts, wastes
Maintain cell pressure (turgor pressure)
![Page 34: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
VacuoleVacuole(tonoplast)(tonoplast) Cell WallCell Wall
Cyt
opla
sm
Cyt
opla
sm
NormalNormalPlant CellPlant Cell
In SaltIn SaltWaterWater
Space between Cell WallSpace between Cell Walland Cell Membraneand Cell Membrane
Normal
In Salt Water
![Page 35: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
“Powerhouse” of cell Numerous Glucose catabolism Bounded by double membrane Matrix / cristae Have their own DNA and ribosomes;
self-replicating
![Page 36: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CristaeCristaeMatrixMatrix
OuterOuterMembraneMembrane
InnerInnerMembraneMembrane
![Page 37: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Green plants only Captures light energy Produces carbohydrate from CO2 and H2O
In cytoplasm of mostly mesophyll cells of leaf
Stroma / grana (thylakoid stacks) Have their own DNA and ribosomes; self-
replicating
![Page 38: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ThylakoidsThylakoids
OuterOuterMembraneMembrane
InnerInnerMembraneMembrane
One GranumOne Granum
StromaStroma
![Page 39: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Associated w/photosynthesis
Double bilipid membrane
Many functions
Chloroplasts
Storage of pigments
Storage of photosynthetic products
![Page 40: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
DoubleDoubleBilipidBilipid
MembraneMembrane
StarchStarchGranulesGranules
![Page 41: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
CapsuleCapsule
Cell WallCell WallPlasmaPlasmaMembraneMembrane
CytosolCytosol
Nucleoid DNANucleoid DNA
FlagellumFlagellum
Plasmid DNAPlasmid DNA
![Page 42: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Small (<5 mircometers)
Cytosol, DNA, ribosomes, cell membrane, (usually a cell wall too)
Nucleoid – location of chromosome
Single, circular chromosome
Plasmid – small DNA ring, separate from nucleoid
![Page 43: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Flagella with a 9+0 structure (never cillia)
Capsule/slime layer – polysaccharide coatings for protection
Pili – protein jutting out from cell wall
![Page 44: Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56649e565503460f94b4e04e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The endThe endThe endThe end