Cell Theory
SC.912.L.14.1 Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory), and
relate the history of its discovery to the process of science.
1. Students will describe and/or explain
the cell theory.
Cell theory has three main parts:
1.All living organisms are composed of one or more
cells.
2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and
organization of all living organisms.
3.Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with
cells passing copies of their genetic material on to
their daughter cells.
2. Students will describe how continuous
investigations and new scientific information
influenced the development of the cell.
Cell theory has changed over time:
As microscope technology became better,
we were able to see cells in greater detail.
Scientists such as Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke,
Schwann, Schleidon, and Virchow all
contributed significantly to the development
of the cell theory.
3. Students will recognize the differences
between theories and laws.
Theory: explanation of a natural phenomenon based on many
observations and investigations over time.
Cell Theory & Theory of Evolution
Law: describes relationships under certain conditions in nature.
Law of Conservation of Mass & Law of Conservation of
Energy
They are fundamentally different, therefore theories do not
become laws and laws do not become theories.
Microscopes
SC.912.N.1.1 Students must use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret
data.
1. Students will compare and contrast the structure and function
of the compound microscope, dissecting microscope, scanning
electron microscope, and/or the transmission electron
microscope.Compound Microscope:
Structure – uses glass lenses and visible light
to produce a magnified image
Eye piece (10x) X Lens (4x 10x or 40x) =
_________
Max magnification is 1000x
Function – can be used to magnify images
such as cells, blood stains, etc but because it
is limited to 1000x magnification will not work
in all scenarios as image will become blurry.
1. Students will compare and contrast the structure and function
of the compound microscope, dissecting microscope, scanning
electron microscope, and/or the transmission electron
microscope.
Dissecting Microscope:
Structure – uses two eye pieces to
produce a 3D image, can do
photo and video sometimes
Function – magnification is
typically no higher than 100x so it
used for larger items (like watch
assembly or dissections)
1. Students will compare and contrast the structure and function
of the compound microscope, dissecting microscope, scanning
electron microscope, and/or the transmission electron
microscope.
Electron Microscopes:
Scanning – moves electrons over
surface of specimen, producing a 3D
image
Transmission – electrons are transmitted
through the specimen onto a screen
Both can produce up to 500,000x
magnification, but the specimen must be
dead and sliced very thin.
Cell Structure & Function
SC.912.L.14.3 Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and
animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
1. Students will compare and contrast the
structures found in plant and animal cells.
• Cell Wall
• Cell Membrane (Plasma
Membrane)
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Nuclear Envelope
• Nucleolus
• Chromatin
• Chromosomes
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Microtubules
• Microfilaments
• Vacuoles
• Mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus
• Chloroplasts
• Lysosomes
• Cilia
• Flagella
1. Students will compare and contrast the
structures found in plant and animal cells.
Plant Only Both Animal Only
• Cell Wall
• ONE LARGE
vacuole
• Chloroplasts
• Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Nuclear Envelope
• Nucleolus
• Chromatin
• Chromosomes
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Microtubules
• Microfilaments
• Vacuoles
• Mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus
• SEVERAL SMALL
vacuoles
• Lysosomes
• Cilia
• Flagella
1. Students will compare and contrast the
structures found in plant and animal cells.
2. Students will compare and contrast the
structures found in prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic Cells – no membrane bound
organelles, DNA free-floating in cytoplasm
• Structures present – cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoplasm, plasmid (small DNA molecule),
ribosomes, flagella
• Eukaryotic Cells – membrane bound organelles,
DNA found in nucleus
2. Students will compare and contrast the
structures found in prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.
3. Students will explain the role of the cell
membrane during active and passive
transport.
• Active transport – requires energy, moves from
low to high concentration (against the
concentration gradient)
• Passive transport – does not require energy;
moves from high to low concentration (with
the concentration gradient)
3. Students will explain the role of the cell
membrane during active and passive
transport.
3. Students will explain the role of the cell
membrane during active and passive
transport.
• Hypotonic – higher
concentration inside than
outside; cell may swell and burst
• Isotonic – concentrations inside
and outside are balanced
• Hypertonic – higher
concentration outside than
inside, cells may shrivel
3. Students will explain the role of the cell
membrane during active and passive
transport.