CELLS AND THEIR CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
“I CAN’T IMAGINE A PERSON BECOMING A SUCCESS WHO DOESN’T GIVE THIS GAME OF LIFE EVERYTHING HE’S
GOT.” WALTER KRONKITE
CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1PAGE 38 MEMMLERPAGE 38 MEMMLER
PLASMA MEMBRANENUCLEUSCYTOPLASMSURFACE ORGANELLESCELLULAR DIVERSITY
PROTEIN SYNTHESISPROTEIN SYNTHESIS
NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA, RNADNA – CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS
◦ADENINE (A)◦THYMINE (T)◦GUANINE (G)◦CYTOSINE (C)◦DOUBLE HELIX W/ H+ BONDS
RNA – IN CYTOPLASM (Mrna, Rrna, Trna)◦ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE◦THYMINE IS REPLACED BY URACIL (U)◦SINGLE STRAND
Build a protein strandBuild a protein strand
EVERYBODY UP!!!! WE ARE GOING TO BUILD A STRAND OF
PROTEIN
CELL DIVISIONCELL DIVISION
MITOSIS VS MEIOSISINTERPHASEPROPHASEMETAPHASEANAPHASETELEPHASEROLE OF THE CENTROMERES
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCESMOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCESSEE TABLE 3-4 PAGE 49SEE TABLE 3-4 PAGE 49
PASSIVE MOVEMENT◦SIMPLE DIFFUSION◦OSMOSIS◦FILTRATION◦FACILITATED DIFFUSION
ACTIVE TRANSPORT◦NEED PROTEIN ‘GATE KEEPERS’◦SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY◦ENDOCYTOSIS – PHAGOCYTOSIS & PINOCYTOSIS◦EXOCYTOSIS
TONICITY TONICITY
ISOTONIC – SAME SOLUTE CONCENTRATION AS OUR BODY(0.9% NS)
HYPOTONIC – LESS SOLUTE IN SOLUTION THAN OUR BODY; FREES UP WATER TO GO TO CELL; TOO MUCH = HEMOLYSIS (0.45% NaCl)
HYPERTONIC – MORE SOLUTE THAN OUR BODY; PULLS WATER TOWARD IT; TOO MUCH DEHYDRATED CELL = CRENATION (3% NaCl)
ORGANELLES
Golgi apparatus – the “UPS” of the cell; packages the items for transport in and out of the cell
Mitochondria – the “Mighty” power house that makes energy (ATP) from the glucose
Lysomes – clean up the cell waste (garbage men); think Lysol
Centrioles – necessary for reproductionPeroxisomes – Clean up hazardous
material (HAZ MAT team)
ORGANELLES – CONT’D
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – makes and packages fats
Rough endoplasmic reticulum – makes proteins
Ribosomes – make proteinsVacuoles – empty cargo containersVesicles – carrier of solutes within the cell;
could be storage or for movement to cell side for exocytosis
CELL AGING AND CANCER RISKSCELL AGING AND CANCER RISKS
LIMITED NUMBER OF CELL DIVISIONSMUTATIONS CAN OCCUR DURING
DIVISIONTHESE MUTATIONS MAY CAUSE A CELL TO
DIVIDE FOREVERRISK FACTORS: HEREDITY (BRACA1) , CHEMICAL EXPOSURE,
IONIZING RADIATION (XRAYS, SUN), PHYSICAL IRRITATION, DIET, VIRUSES (HPV)
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
CYT/O-MICR/O-BI--SOME, SOM/A- CHROM/O-END/O-LYS/O-INTER-
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
CYT/O-MICR/O-BI--SOME, SOM/A- CHROM/O-END/O-LYS/O-INTER-PRO-META-
ANA- TEL/E-SEMI-PHAG/O-PIN/O-EX/O-ISO-HYPO-HYPER-CARCIN/O--GEN