Central Nervous System (CNS)Depressants
Alcohol - The Most Familiar CNS Depressant
Chloral Hydrate“Mickey Finn”
The first non-alcohol CNS depressant
Derived from alcohol (1832)
Major Types of Non-alcohol CNS Depressants
Barbiturates
Non-Barbiturates
Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
Anti-Depressants
Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers
Combinations
Barbiturates More than 250 different types 50 accepted for medical use
Derivatives of Barbituric Acid
First produced in 1864
Typically end in “al”
Types of Barbiturates
Non-Barbiturates Synthetic compounds
Avoids some of undesirable side effects Sleepiness & Drowsiness
Primary medical use for insomnia
Still produce physical and psychological dependence
Types of Non-BarbituratesDRUG BRAND NAMES STREET NAMES
Carisoprodol SomaChloral hydrate Felsule, Noctec Knock Out Drops,
Mickey FinnDiphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Benadryl, Sominex
Diphenhylhydantoin Sodium
Dilantin
Eszopiclone LunestaGamma Hydroxybutyrate GHB, Liquid XMethyprylon Noludar
Methaqualone Parest, Quaalude, Sopor, Optimil, Mandrax
Ludes
Paraldehyde ParalZolpidem Ambien
Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
First produced in 1950
Known as “Minor” tranquilizers
Benzodiazepines
Typically end in “am”
Types of Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
DRUG BRAND NAMES STREET NAMESAlprazolam Xanax Bars, Zanny Bars
Chlordiazepoxide Librium
Clonazepam Klonopin
Diazepam Valium
Estazolam Prosom
Flunitrazepam Rohypnol Roofies, Roches
Flurazepam Dalmane
Lorazepam Ativan
Meprobomate Miltown
Oxazepam Serax
Temazepam Restoril
Triazolam Halcion
Anti-Anxiety Depressants
Psychological depression is “anti”
“Mood elevators”
May cause CNS Stimulant effects
Types of Anti-DepressantsDRUG BRAND NAMESAmitriptyline Hydrochloride Elavil, Endep
Bupropion Wellbutrin
Citalopram Celexa
Desipramine Hydrochloride Norpramin, Pertofrane
Doxepin Hydrochloride Adapin, Sinequan
Duloxetine Cymbalta
Escitalopram Lexapro
Fluoxetine Prozac, Sarafem
Fluvoxamine Luvox
Imipramine Tofranil
Paroxetine Paxil
Phenelzine Sulfate Nardil
Sertraline Zoloft
Venlafaxine Effexor
Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers
Produced in early 1950s
Known as “Major” tranquilizers
Manage schizophrenia and other mental disorders
Types of Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers
DRUG BRAND NAMESChlorpromazine ThorazineDroperidol Inapsine, InnovarHaloperidol HaldolLithium Carbonate LithaneLithium Citrate
Combinations Anti-Anxiety Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
and Anti-Depressant Amitriptyline (Elavil) Trade name: “Limbitrol”
Anti-Anxiety Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride and Anti-Spasmodic Clidinium Bromide Trade name: “Librax”
Anti-Psychotic Perphenazine and Anti-Depressant Amitriptyline Hydrochloride Trade name: “Triavil” & “Etrafon”
Methods of Ingestion
Orally InjectionInsufflation
Injection
Paraphernalia similar to Heroin users Larger “gauge” needle used due to Barbiturate
solution being thicker than Heroin Smaller the number, the larger the needle
Injection sites different from Heroin users Large swelling (quarter or fifty cent piece) Lack of track marks Will inject in other parts other than forearms
Necrosis
Arm
Necrosis
Legs
Necrosis
Hands
General Indicators
Reduced inhibitions
Divided attention impairment
Slowed reflexes
Impaired judgment and concentration
Impaired vision
Lack of coordination
Slurred, mumbled or incoherent speech
Emotional instability
Drowsiness
Drunk-like behavior
Droopy eyes
Onset and DurationType Onset Duration
Ultra Short Seconds Very Rapid
Short 10 to 15 min 4 Hours
Intermediate 30 Minutes 6 to 8 Hours
Long One Hour 8 to 14 Hours
Duration of Effects Dosage
Age
Weight
Tolerance Level
Overdose Signs Extremely drowsy (may pass out)
Pulse rapid and weak
Respiration will become shallow
Skin cold and clammy
Drug Matrix Chart
* Soma, Quaaludes and possibly some anti-depressants usually dilate pupils
** Quaaludes, ETOH and possibly some anti-depressants may elevate
HGN PresentVGN Present (High Dose)LACK OF CONVERGENCE PresentPUPIL SIZE Normal *REACTION TO LIGHT SlowPULSE RATE Down **BLOOD PRESSURE DownBODY TEMPERATURE NormalMUSCLE TONE Flaccid