CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE
[CHEMICAL GROUP]
CHBT – 02 [ BASIC FITTINGS & MEASUREMENTS ]
Instructor :- Mr. A.H. SHAH
PRESENTATION
•Introduction
•Concept of Safety
•Personal Safety – General Safely & Plant / Industry Safety
•Accident
•Caution
•Prevention
•Safety Management
•Machine Guard
•Good House Keeping
•Lighting
•Ventilation
•Temporature
•Fire Safety
•Material Landling
SAFETY IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
•The ferrous Metals and alloys used :
•Pig Iron
•Cast Iron
•Wrough Iron
•Steels and Alloy Steels
METROLOGY
PIG IRON
•Gray cast Iron Casting of Machine parts, Machined easily
•White cast Iron : Very Hard, Very difficult to machine (Chilled cast Iron) can not be weleded.
•Molleable cast Iron : Increased ductility, tensile strength and toughness, produced from cast Iron
•Nodular Cast Iron : Similar to malleable cast Iron, Produced without any heat treatment.
•Wrouht Iron : 99.9% of Iron production puddling process astron or byres process shaft.
CAST IRON
STEEL (PLAIN CARBON STEEL)
Classified according to their carbon content.Dead mild steel 0.1 to 0.125 % Carbon Uses wire, road & Sheets
Mild Steel 0.15 to 0.3 % carbon General workshop process
Medium Carbon steel 0.3 to 0.7 % carbon Axles, drop forgines, High tensile tubes, wires, agriculture tool.
High Carbon Steel 0.7 to 0.9 % carbon
0.9 to 01.1 % carbon
1.1 to 1.4 % carbon
Springs, forging, dies and wood chisels.
Cold chisels, press dies, punches.
Files, drills, gauges and other cutting tools
MANUFACTUREING PROCESSES
Bessemer Process L.D. Process
Electric Process Open Hearth Process
STEEL RULE
•S.I. (System International) System
•Matric Ssystem : meter, C.M., M.M., (MKS)
•British System
•Feet, Inch (FPS)
•STEEL RULE : 10 MM, 5 MM, 1 MM, 0.5 MM
Introduction : Material Measuring with steel rules.
MEASUREMENTS
Linear Measurement Units
•Introduction Material Parts :
•Fix Jaw ( 1 and 2)
•Moveable Jaw ( 3 and 4)
•Vernier Slide (5)
•Beam (6) Depth Bar (7)
•Thumb Lever (8)
• Vernier Scale (9)
•Main Scale (10)
Least Count of vernier Calipers
•Main Scale division = 1 mm
•Vernier Scale Division = 49 / 50 mm
•Least Count =1 – 49 / 50 = 50 – 49 = 1 / 50 = 0.02 mm
• 50
•Reading of verner caliper
VERNIER CALIPER
•Use
•Function of each parts :
•PARTS : (1) Base (2) Beam (3) Vernier Slide (4) Fine adjusting
• screw (5) Main scale (6) Lock nut (7) Scriber
VERNIER HEIGHT GUAGE
•Introduction : 0.1 mm
•Principle : Screw & Nuts,
•Parts :
•Range : 0.25 mm, 25 – 50 mm,
50 – 75 mm, 75 – 100 mm
•Graduation :
•Barrel 1 mm and 0.5 mm (Main Division & sub division )
•Themble : 0.01 mm
Numbers on Barrel :
•0, 5, 10, 15, 20 & 25 mm
Numbered on Thimble :
•0, 5, 10, 15…… 45 – 50 on Clockwise direction
OUT SIDE MICROMETER
The Distance move by the spindle during one rotation of thimble is 0.5 mm.
Movement of the one division of the thimble = 0.5 x 1/50 = 0.01 mm
•List Count : Small Parts of Barrel
Numbers of parts on thimble
= 0.5 = 0.01 mm
50
•Introduction :
•Parts :
•Use :
•Graduation :
•Main Scale 0O-90O -0O-90O -0O-90O
•Vernier Scale : 12 Part, Each 3rd Line is marked 0- 15 – 30 – 45 - 60
•List Count : 2 MSD – 1VSD
= 2o – 23o = 1o = 51
12 12
Reading : MSD = 41o
VSD = 0 – 501
Reading : 41o - 501
VERNIER BEVEL PROTRATOR
• Introduction :
• Principle :
• Types : Plunger Types & Lever Types
• Parts :
1. Pointer
2. Ratatable Bezzle
3. Bazzle Clamp
4. Back Lug
5. Transparent dial Cover
6. Stem 7 . Plunger
8. Anvil 9. Revolution Counter
• Graduation :
• Readng :
• Stand :
Dial Test Indicator
•Steel Rule
•Scriber : Future of Scribers
Use of Scribers
•Try Square : Parts
Use
•Divider : Parts
Use
Specification
HAND TOOLS
Jenny Caliper : Constructional features
Types
Use
Punch : Name of different Marking Punch Use
Hammers : Use Parts Types
Work Holding Device : Banch Vice : Parts & usesSize Vice Clamp
•HACKSAW FRAME AND BLADE
•Types of Frame : Solid Frame
Adjustable Frame
•Hacksaw Blades :
•Introduction
•Types
•Pitch of Blade
CUTTING TOOLS
• Specification :
• Cut
• Grade : Rough, Bastard, Second Cut, Smooth, Dead Smooth
• Shapes : Flat, Hand, Square, Triangular, Half Round, Knife Edge,
• Size : 100 mm to 200 mm Light Work
200 mm to 450 mm Heavy Work
Types of Filing :
(1) Cross Filing (2) Straight Filing (3) Draw Filing
File of Pinning
TYPES OF CUT
Drill Size
• Matric System & British System
• Letter Drills : A / 5.944 mm to Z / 10.490 mm
• Number Dril : 1 / 5.791 mm to 80 / 0.35 mm
Cutting Speed : V = JJ x D x N Meter / Minut
1000
Feed :- REVOULUATION = THICKNESS OF METAL
CUTTING FEED
Drill Holding Divice : Slive, Socket, Chuck & Key Drift.
Drill Angle : Point Angle, Rake Angle, Helix Angle
DRILL SIZE
• Twist Drill 9.50 IS5101 HS
Types Dia ISNo. Material
Drill Defect & Causes :
Oversize Holes
Over Heated Drills
Rough Hole
Unequal and Interrupted flow of chips
Split webs or broken drills
Drilling Machines
Banch Type
Pillar Type
Drill Specification : Drill Defect & Causes :
HAND TAP & TAP WRENCH (INTERNAL THREADING)
Introduction :
Material :
Parts :
Tape In Set : Taper, Intermidiate & Plug
Tape size Drill : Drill Dia = Tape Dia – 2 x 0.61p
Tape wrench :
HAND TAP & TAP WRENCH INTERNAL THREADING
Construction :
Types :
Die Stock : Types – Split Die Stock`
Adjustable Die Stock
DIE AND DIE STOCK EXTERNAL THREADING
V Thread Types :
V Thread Parts :
ISO Metric Thread :
ISO Inch Thread : (UNF)
BSW :
BSF :
BA :
BSP :
STANDARD SCREW THREAD
Bolt :
Types – Hexagonal & Square
Nut :
Types – Hexagonal & Square
Washer :
Purpose
Types
Specification
Revet :
Introduction
Material
Types
FASTNERS
High Limit :
Law Limit :
Tolerance :
Fit :
Clearance Fit
Interference Fit
Transition Fit
LIMIT AND FITS
Classification :
Thermoplastic Adhesives
Thermoplastic Resins
Thermoplastic Rubber
Thermosetting adhesive
Heat Activated
Solvent Activated
Impact Adhesives
SYNTHETIC ADHESIVE
Lock Nut
Self Locking Nut
Wire Lock
Slotted and Castle Nut With Split Pin
Grooved Nut
Locking Nut
Lock – Washer with Lug
Tab Washers
Spring Washers
LOCKING DEVICES