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CERI Conference on Innovation, Governance and Reform in Education
Alenoush Saroyan
McGill University Montreal. Canada
OECDNovember 3-5
Paris
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My Lens
• Higher education• Faculty and educational development• Quality education
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Discussion Points• University pedagogy in a changing world• Personal and contextual factors in PD • Indicators of effectiveness
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What will the world’s big problems be in 5,10 years from now?
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Are we teaching our students in ways to help them become the solvers or these problems?
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Knowledge was …• Hierarchical• Prescribed• Finite
Impact was …• Sequential learning• On places of learning• Anticipated
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Today, knowledge is …• Chaotic • Random• Taught out of sequence• Infinite• Often becomes quickly obsolete
Information is …• Democratized• Always available• Acquired formally AND informally
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Shifts in Working Modes
Industrial• Division of labour• Individual tasks• Specialist duties• Administrative links• Credential-based
appointments• Appraisal by seniors
Post-industrial• Total solutions• Team work• Integrated expertise• Human interactions• On-demand, just-in-
time learning• 3600 appraisal
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Estimates of Job Types in the Next 10 Years
Source: National Center on Education and the economy (2008). Tough choices or tough times: The report of the New Commission on the skills of the American workforce. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
IN MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
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• Conceptual• Pedagogical• Cultural• Political
Source: Windschitl, M. (2002). Framing constructivism in practice as the negotiation of dilemmas: An analysis of the conceptual, pedagogical, cultural, and political challenges facing teachers. Review of Educational Research, 72(2), 131-175.
“Dilemmas” and Professional Development
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From an Adult Learner Perspective
• Acknowledging a need (problem)• Effort/resources invested worth gain• Credible source of PD• Motivation (intrinsic or extrinsic)
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Contextual Factors
• Institutional policies that value teaching• Reward structures (salary, merit, promotion)• Resources to support pedagogical development• Performance comparisons/ Global competition
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Dimensions to Measure Effectiveness
• Inputs? Processes? Outputs? Outcomes?• Perceptions? Student achievement? Grades?• School performance? Rankings?• Graduate outcomes?
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Measures of Effectiveness
Teachers’
• Beliefs• Knowledge• Practices
Students’
• Perceptions• Knowledge,
cognitive, affective, generic outcomes
Contextual Factors
• Institutional policies; resources; rewards; governance
• National policies; governance; priorities