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CGG3O
China
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China3rd largest country in the world in area
9.6 million km2
Largest population1.3 Billion
4000 years of historyDiverse landscape
Mountains, plains, desertDiverse population
55 ethnic groups
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China’s GeographyWestern China is sparsely populated
Mountainous to the southwest (Himalayas)Desert to the north (Gobi and Takla Makan)
3 main rivers that flow from the mountains down into the coastal plainsYellow River (Huang)Yangtze RiverPearl River (Xi)
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China’s ClimateNorth (Beijing) similar to TorontoSouth (Guangzhou) tropicalIn winter, cool dry winds blow from the
west, so little precipitationIn summer, warm, moist monsoon winds
blow in from the Pacific, so very wet along the coast
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Chairman MaoChinese communist revolutionarySeizes power in 1949Uses violence to overthrow landlords,
converts China into a series of communesResponsible for an estimated 40 – 70
million deaths during his reign (many during the Great Chinese Famine)
Brutal regime quashes all dissent
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Chairman MaoMany failed policies
Believed large population is good for China, under his regime China’s population almost doubled (550 million to over 900 million)
Believed industrialization was important to China’s economic growth, so puts farmers to work in factories
What do you think happened when you had twice as many people, but substantially less food producers?
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China’s EconomyStrictly communist during Mao’s reign
No private propertyNo private businessGovernment decides what crops to grow,
who grows what, and then distributes the food to the people
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China’s EconomyMao dies in 1978 and Deng Xiaoping takes
overPopulation control implemented (1 child
policy)China moves from a pure command
economy to a socialist market economyCentral government still exhibits tight control
over all aspects of life, but private property and profit are allowed
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China TodayCurrently the world’s second largest
economy behind the United StatesSome forecasters predict it will be the
world’s largest economy by 2016Emphasis on manufacturing and agriculture
Cheap labour is the cornerstone of Chinese economy
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China TodayChina exports a massive amount of goods
because of their cheap labourThey also import massive amounts of
materials to fuel growth (metals, cement, oil and gas)
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China vs. CanadaChina’s GDP is 8 times bigger than
Canada’sCanada’s GDP per capita is 5 times larger
than China’sWhat does this mean?
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ChallengesAs the government pulls back, people
who used to be guaranteed a job are now without work
Rapid growth is causing pollution and environmental degradation
Impacts of the 1 child policyMale heirs are preferred, so large number of
aborted baby girlsToday there are about 60 million more males than
females in ChinaRatio of working people to retired people will
move from 9:1 to 4:1 by 2025
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Tourism in China?Nonexistant between 1949 and 1978Mao Tse-Tung’s policies were isolationist
Very few people allowed into ChinaAbout 125,000 invited guests visited over 29
yearsTo be caught in China without permission
meant imprisonmentThose who did visit only saw what the
government wanted them to see
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Tourism in ChinaToday China is the fourth most popular
tourist destination in the worldExpected to be most popular by 2020Mao’s cultural revolution destroyed much
of China’s cultural artifactsUnder Deng Xiaoping tourism was given
high priorityHistoric sites restored: Great Wall, Terracotta
Army, Ming Tombs
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The Great Wall of China
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The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses are the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century.
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Tourism in ChinaRemember who’s #1 worldwide?
France: annual growth rate of tourism industry is 0.1%
China’s growth rate for tourism is about 27%
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More an Chinese Tourism later…Recap:
What are the main geographic regions of China?
What’s China’s climate like?What was the effect of Mao’s death an
China’s economy and tourism specifically?What are the problems associated with
China’s huge population?