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Ch. 15 &16: Plant Physiology
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Major parts of a flower
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Plant Cell
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How plants produce food
• Photosynthesis – a series of processes in which light energy is converted to a simple sugar.
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• Chlorophyll – green material inside the leaves and stems of the plant that gives the plant its green color.
• Chloroplasts – small, membrane-bound bodies inside cells that contain the green chlorophyll pigments.
• These are the sites of the actual conversion of solar energy into stored energy.
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Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O >> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Respiration
• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 + 6O2 >> 6CO2 + 6H2O +HEAT
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Transpiration
• Process by which the plant gives up water vapor to the atmosphere.– Most plants transpire about 90% of the water
they take in.
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What causes plants to wilt?
• Lack of turgor pressure, caused from not having enough water.
• Turgor pressure – swollen or stiffened condition as a result of plant cells being full of water.
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Purpose of soil
• Soil provides a natural environment for roots. It supplies air, water, and nutrients for the plant.
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Plant nutrition
• There are sixteen essential elements for normal plant growth. – Macronutrients – elements used in relatively
large amounts.– Micronutrients – elements used in small, or
trace amounts.
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Macronutrients
• C – carbon
• H – hydrogen
• O - oxygen
Obtained from the atmosphere
N – nitrogen Ca - calcium
P – phosphorus Mg - magnesium
K – potassium S – sulfur
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Micronutrients
• B – boron
• Cu – copper
• Cl – chlorine
• Fe – iron
• Mn – manganese
• Mo – molybdenum
• Zn - zinc
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Soil pH• pH – acidity level.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Acidic Alkaline (base)
Neutral
Optimum range for most plants