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Early Timeline of SECESSION
Nov. 1860 Lincoln wins Presidential
election ( p. 351)
Dec. 20, 1860 South Carolina seceded
from the union (p. 352)
Feb. 1, 1861 Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas
join SC
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Development of Confederacy Feb. 1861 - the seven Deep South States meet in
Montgomery. Ala. and form the Confederacy (p352)
a new constitution is adopted, just like US
except in two areas State's rights are stronger
and slavery cannot be abolished
Jefferson Davis is elected President of the
Confederacy Moderates on both sides called for Peace
Conference in DC to resolve the changes
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Confederate Cabinet
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Inauguration of Lincoln Lincoln is inaugurated in March 4, 1861, (p. 358)
has 3 options about the South.
1 compromise - allow slavery in the South
2 accept separation acknowledge Confederacy as a new nation.
Lincoln was opposed to this
3 force change through war Lincoln ordered martial law in Maryland
federal troops occupy DC and Maryland to prevent sympathizers
from aiding the confederate cause.
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Beginnings of the War 1861Ft. Sumter (p. 359) Apr. 6
Lincoln supply
Apr. 10 Davis demands surrender
Apr. 12
Ft. is attacked
Apr. 14 Ft surrendered
Lincoln orders blockade
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Battle of Ft.
SumterThis Currier and Ives
lithograph depicts the
bombardment of Fort
Sumter on April 12-13,
1861. The soldiers firedfrom Fort Moultrie in
the Charleston harbor,
which the Union had
evacuated the previous
December in itsattempt to strengthen
Fort Sumter. (Library of
Congress)
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Upper South & Border States Virginia
Arkansas
Tennessee
North Carolina
(see p. 359)
Maryland
Delaware
Kentucky
Missouri
Washington, DC
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The Border States Four strategically important border states did not secede:Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. These states could have added 40 percent to the white population
and military manpower of the Confederacy as well as 80 percent toits manufacturing capacity.
The border states also hurt the Confederate argument that thesouthern states were forced to secede in order to protect their rightto own slaves.
In Maryland, Lincoln cracked down on dissent by declaringmartial law and arresting pro-Confederate leaders.
In Missouri, guerilla warfare broke out.
Kentucky also remained in the Union but sent troops to bothsides.
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ah3_m012 Secession
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Comparison of Resources
N -S people Union Confederacy 23 states 11 states
22 million 9 million/3.5 mil. slaves
2/3 population - 1 mil. workers 110,000 workers
(71% total) (29% total)
4/5 factories $1.5 billion $155 million
(91% production) (9% production)
110,000 plants 18,000 plants
See chart p. 361
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Comparative Resources, North and
South, 1861 see p. 361
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Motivation for joining & fightingsee p. 360
Early many young menwere eager
More volunteered than
could be supplied Reasons for joining were
not same as reasons forre-enlisting or not
deserting
Duty
Loyalty to home
Patriotism
Defense of home
Manhood
Bounty money
Slavery
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RichmondDispatch
advertisement
for substitute
soldiers.
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Military Strength
neither side had a strong army
volunteers - 90 days later 3 years
UNION
West Point few officers
age 18-77
583 end of war in 1861 - 187,000
average age of troops 20
soldier's pay $13 month
More substitutes & deserters
CONFEDERACY
Virginia Military & Citadel
experienced officers Age 16-45
182 officers from union
425 by end of war
1861 - 112,000 $11 month, little supplies
More draftees See conscription
More casualties
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Comparison of NavyUnion Confederacy
established
42 ships
war's end 626 ships
65 ironclads
No navy
captured 11 ships at Norfolk in
1861
1 ironclad + plans to build more
Changing Technology
Repeating rifle & rifled bullets more accuracy
Larger canons the dictator
Submarines & air balloons surprise & recon
Air balloons
Gatling gun not until end of war
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Who are these Union men?
Winfield Scott
George B.
McClellan
Allen
Pinkerton
Ambrose
Burnside
Edwin Stanton,
US Sec. of War
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MAP 16.1a Overall Strategy of
the Civil WarThe initial Northern
strategy for subduing the South,
the so-called Anaconda Plan,
entailed strangling it by a
blockade at sea and obtaining
control of the Mississippi River.But at the end of 1862, it was
clear that the Souths defensive
strategy could only be broken by
the invasion of Southern territory.
In 1864, Shermans March to the
Sea and Grants hammeringtactics in northern Virginia brought
the war home to the South. Lees
surrender to Grant at Appomattox
Courthouse on April 9, 1865,
ended the bloodiest war in the
nations history.
Anaconda plan p.
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Armies & NamingUNION CONFEDERACY
Named armies after bodies
of water
Usually rivers
Potomac
Ohio
Cumberland
Named battles after creeksor water
Bull Run
Antietam
Named armies after regions
Northern Virginia
Tennessee
Named battle after
crossroads
Manassas
Sharpsburg
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Who are these CSA Officers?
Jubal Early
James Longstreet
JohnMosby Jeb Stuart
Thomas Stonewall
Jackson
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The Press and the War
Publics source for information Troop rosters, battles, maps,
Casualty lists
Frank Leslies Illustrated
Harpers Weekly see library
reproduction Website linked on blackboard
Photography Matthew Brady
Tarboro paper see examples
Matthew Brady
www.memory.loc.gov
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NC Attitudes & Leaders Sectionalism
John Ellis 1860-61
Henry T. Clark
1861-1862
Zebulon Vance 1862-65; 1877-79
Source: NC Archives
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North Carolina Overview
Statistics of NC in the war
Unwilling Hercules of theConfederacy 8,000 Union including 5,000
blacks
1/6 of Conf. army
2 of every 10 Confederates
were Tar Heels 1/9 of population
125,000 served
20,000 drafted
First at Bethel
Farthest at
Gettysburg and
Chickamauga
Last at Appomattox
Gave at least 25
generals to the cause
& 7 KIA
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Map of CW engagements
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William Dorsey Pender Edgecombe County 1834 Attended West Point & graduated 1854
1st Lt. 1858
Married MaryFannieShepherd March 1859
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Local Generals
William Dorsey Pender- 1834-1863born in Edgecombe County
Seven Pines, Seven Days, Chancellorsville,
dies of wounds from Gettysburg
William Gaston Lewis - 1835-1901
born in Rocky Mount, UNC graduate
Lt.in NC. 1st at Bethel,
Maj. In NC 33rd New Bern, Col. In NC
43rd Gettysburg and Plymouth,
Brid. Gen. At Petersburg, captured at
Farmville,VA, died in Goldsboro
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Halifax County Generals William Ruffin Cox 1832-
1919 Scotland Neck
Spotsylvania, Appomattox
Lawrence OBryan Branch -
1820-1862 Enfield New Bern, Seven Days killed at
Sharpsburg
Junius Daniel - 1828-
1864 Halifax - Seven Days, Gettysburg, killed
at Spotsylvania
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Theaters of war Eastern east of Appalachians to Atlantic
Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland & Carolinas
Western- west of Appalachians to Miss. riverKentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama,
Mississippi.
Trans-Mississippi- west of Miss. RiverArkansas, Missouri, Texas, Indian Territory,
Louisiana
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Edgecombe GuardsJohn Luther Bridgers
1821-1884, Capt. of Edge.Guards,
promoted Col & commander of
Ft. Macon
Henry Lawson Wyattborn Richmond 1842
moved to Tarboro in 1850s
killed Battle of Bethel, Va.June 10, 1861
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Map of
Battle ofBethel Va.
June 10,1861
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Beginning of the War 1861-1862p. 363
Bethel Church
Rich Mt.
1st Manassas Bull Run
New Bern
Hanover Courthouse Seven Pines
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Important Results
of Rich Mt. McClellan wins 3 & promoted to big leagues
Garnetts death brings another promising CSA staff general to
western Va. (Lee) Union victories open the door for a new state West Virginia
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1st Manassas July 21, 1861
(Bull Run) p. 363
Manassas Junction 30 miles sw of DC & 65 miles from Richmond
Union McDowell 35,000 troops
Patterson 18,000 at Harpers Ferry
Confederacy- Beauregard 32,000 troops
Longstreet, Joe Johnston, Early & Jackson
Rebel Rose Greenhow Confederate Spy
Entertainment Washingtonians picnic to watch battle!
Jackson gets Stonewall nickname
Casualties U 3,000 C 2,000
Outcome:
North realized Confederate strength
Both sides realized war not end soon- change in recruitment
Limited medical preparations
b d f
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Bombardment of Hatteras
Hatteras & Lighthouse Lens - Aug. 28-29, 1861
Burnside invades NC coast spring 1862- occupiesOuter Banks & makes New Bern center of union
operations
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Slaves escaping to New Bern Formation of James City
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Ironclads p. 366
Wooden ships armed withcannons and covered with
iron
John Ericisson - USA
Rams- no guns originally
Charles Ellet, Jr. USA
Gilbert Elliot CSS in NCLeft- model CSS Neuse at NC
Historic Site in Kinston
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Monitor vs. Virginia (Merrimack) p. 366
March 9, 1862
Hampton Roads, Va.
First engagement in history between ironclads
No clear winner
Merrimack later sunk by Confederates
Monitor sunk in storm off NC Coast Dec 31, 62Completely changes naval fighting making
wooden ships obsolete
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Ivey Forman Born in Edgecombe County, NC 20
Dec 1843, and died 21 Dec 1864.
Joined US Naval academy in 1859
Resigned in 1861 to join
Confederacy
Battle of Hampton Roads March
1862
Buried in Calvary Churchyard seephoto tomb is on the left